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Sea surface temperature (SST) is an essential climate variable that can be measured via ground truth, remote sensing, or hybrid model methodologies. Here, we celebrate SST surveillance progress via the application of a few relevant…
Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) have been widely used as a rigorous and cost-effective way to guide development of new observing systems, and to evaluate the performance of new data assimilation algorithms. Nature runs…
A large fraction of known terrestrial-size exoplanets located in the Habitable Zone of M-dwarfs are expected to be tidally-locked. Numerous efforts have been conducted to study the climate of such planets, using in particular 3-D Global…
The Met Office Space Weather Operations Centre was founded in 2014 and part of its remit is a daily Space Weather Technical Forecast to help the UK build resilience to space weather impacts; guidance includes four day geo-magnetic storm…
Revealing the ongoing changes in ocean dynamics and their impact on marine ecosystems requires the joint analysis of multiple variables. Yet, global observational records only cover a few decades, posing a challenge in the separation of…
This report summarizes the major progresses to develop the dynamic core for next-generation atmospherical model for both numerical weather prediction and climate simulation. The numerical framework is based on a general formulation,…
Estimating the travel time of a path is an essential topic for intelligent transportation systems. It serves as the foundation for real-world applications, such as traffic monitoring, route planning, and taxi dispatching. However, building…
This document is one of the deliverable reports created for the ESCAPE project. ESCAPE stands for Energy-efficient Scalable Algorithms for Weather Prediction at Exascale. The project develops world-class, extreme-scale computing…
We present a first-principles-based coronal mass ejection (CME) model suitable for both scientific and operational purposes by combining a global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solar wind model with a flux rope-driven CME model. Realistic CME…
Deep learning-based, data-driven models are gaining prevalence in climate research, particularly for global weather prediction. However, training the global weather data at high resolution requires massive computational resources.…
Ocean eddies play a significant role both on the sea surface and beneath it, contributing to the sustainability of marine life dependent on oceanic behaviors. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate ocean eddies to monitor changes in the…
An optimisation scheme is developed to accurately represent the sub-grid scale forcing of a high dimensional chaotic ocean system. Using a simple parameterisation scheme, the velocity components of a 30km resolution shallow water ocean…
A data-driven air-sea full-coupling regional forecast model with submesoscale-permitting, named "Volador 1.0", is developed for the South China Sea (SCS). The model features a Swin-Transformer framework integrated with a Mixture-of-Experts…
AI emulators for forecasting have emerged as powerful tools that can outperform conventional numerical predictions. The next frontier is to build emulators for long climate simulations with skill across a range of spatiotemporal scales, a…
The two-layer quasi-geostrophic equations (2QGE) is a simplified model that describes the dynamics of a stratified, wind-driven ocean in terms of potential vorticity and stream function. Its numerical simulation is plagued by a high…
Designing adaptive classifiers for an evolving data stream is a challenging task due to the data size and its dynamically changing nature. Combining individual classifiers in an online setting, the ensemble approach, is a well-known…
Sea ice at the North Pole is vital to global climate dynamics. However, accurately forecasting sea ice poses a significant challenge due to the intricate interaction among multiple variables. Leveraging the capability to integrate multiple…
The dynamics of large-scale geophysical fluids is primarily governed by the balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient. This phenomenon, known as geostrophic equilibrium, is the basis for the geostrophic model, which has…
Weather forecasting is a vitally important tool for tasks ranging from planning day to day activities to disaster response planning. However, modeling weather has proven to be challenging task due to its chaotic and unpredictable nature.…
Artificial intelligence (AI) for fluid mechanics has become attractive topic. High-fidelity data is one of most critical issues for the successful applications of AI in fluid mechanics, however, it is expensively obtained or even…