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Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, have led to widespread adoption across various applications. Yet, a fundamental challenge persists: how can we verify the correctness of AI model inference when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yunxiao Wang

Machine learning providers commonly distribute global models to edge devices, which subsequently personalize these models using local data. However, issues such as copyright infringements, biases, or regulatory requirements may require the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Mohammad M Maheri , Alex Davidson , Hamed Haddadi

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about sophisticated models capable of various tasks ranging from image recognition to natural language processing. As these models continue to grow in complexity, ensuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Nishant Jagannath , Christopher Wong , Braden Mcgrath , Md Farhad Hossain , Asuquo A. Okon , Abbas Jamalipour , Kumudu S. Munasinghe

Machine learning models are increasingly used in societal applications, yet legal and privacy concerns demand that they very often be kept confidential. Consequently, there is a growing distrust about the fairness properties of these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chhavi Yadav , Amrita Roy Chowdhury , Dan Boneh , Kamalika Chaudhuri

As ML models have increased in capabilities and accuracy, so has the complexity of their deployments. Increasingly, ML model consumers are turning to service providers to serve the ML models in the ML-as-a-service (MLaaS) paradigm. As MLaaS…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Daniel Kang , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Ion Stoica , Yi Sun

Machine learning is increasingly deployed through outsourced and cloud-based pipelines, which improve accessibility but also raise concerns about computational integrity, data privacy, and model confidentiality. Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhizhi Peng , Chonghe Zhao , Taotao Wang , Guofu Liao , Zibin Lin , Yifeng Liu , Bin Cao , Long Shi , Qing Yang , Shengli Zhang

With the rise of machine learning techniques, ensuring the fairness of decisions made by machine learning algorithms has become of great importance in critical applications. However, measuring fairness often requires full access to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tianyu Zhang , Shen Dong , O. Deniz Kose , Yanning Shen , Yupeng Zhang

Verification of the integrity of deep learning inference is crucial for understanding whether a model is being applied correctly. However, such verification typically requires access to model weights and (potentially sensitive or private)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mohammad M Maheri , Hamed Haddadi , Alex Davidson

The integration of machine learning (ML) systems into critical industries such as healthcare, finance, and cybersecurity has transformed decision-making processes, but it also brings new challenges around trust, security, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jonathan Gold , Tristan Freiberg , Haruna Isah , Shirin Shahabi

Privacy concerns in machine learning systems have grown significantly with the increasing reliance on sensitive user data for training large-scale models. This paper introduces a novel framework combining Probably Approximately Correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Guilhem Repetto , Nojan Sheybani , Gabrielle De Micheli , Farinaz Koushanfar

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enable computational integrity and privacy by allowing one party to prove the truth of a statement without revealing underlying data. Compared with alternatives such as homomorphic encryption and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ryan Lavin , Xuekai Liu , Hardhik Mohanty , Logan Norman , Giovanni Zaarour , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

We present a framework that allows to certify the fairness degree of a model based on an interactive and privacy-preserving test. The framework verifies any trained model, regardless of its training process and architecture. Thus, it allows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Shahar Segal , Yossi Adi , Benny Pinkas , Carsten Baum , Chaya Ganesh , Joseph Keshet

We introduce a technology to formally verify that a software system satisfies a temporal specification of functional correctness, without revealing the system itself. Our method combines a deductive approach to model checking to obtain a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Pascal Berrang , Mirco Giacobbe , Jacob Swales , Xiao Yang

In the context of cloud computing, services are held on cloud servers, where the clients send their data to the server and obtain the results returned by server. However, the computation, data and results are prone to tampering due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yancheng Zhang , Mengxin Zheng , Xun Chen , Jingtong Hu , Weidong Shi , Lei Ju , Yan Solihin , Qian Lou

Machine learning models are increasingly deployed for critical decision-making tasks, making it important to verify that they do not contain gender or racial biases picked up from training data. Typical approaches to achieve fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Giorgian Borca-Tasciuc , Xingzhi Guo , Stanley Bak , Steven Skiena

Ensuring the integrity of business processes without disclosing confidential business information is a major challenge in inter-organizational processes. This paper introduces a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP)-based approach for the verifiable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jannis Kiesel , Jonathan Heiss

Zero-knowledge proofs have always provided a clear solution when it comes to conveying information from a prover to a verifier or vice versa without revealing essential information about the process. Advancements in zero-knowledge have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Aritra Banerjee , Michael Clear , Hitesh Tewari

Zk-SNARKs help scale blockchains with Verifiable Off-chain Computations (VOC). zk-SNARK DSL toolkits are key when designing arithmetic circuits but fall short of automating the subsequent proof-generation step in an automated manner. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Alvaro Alonso Domenech , Jonathan Heiss , Stefan Tai

Blockchain-based Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging decentralized machine learning paradigm that enables model training without relying on a central server. Although some BFL frameworks are considered privacy-preserving, they are still…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Ahmed Ayoub Bellachia , Mouhamed Amine Bouchiha , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane , Mourad Rabah

The rapid growth of machine learning has produced an ever-expanding ecosystem of models, making it increasingly challenging to verify the reliability of newly released models on unseen, unlabeled data. Conventional evaluation pipelines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Trinh Pham , Viet Huynh , Hongzhi Yin , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Thanh Tam Nguyen
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