Related papers: Vacillating parking functions

An \emph{$(r,k)$-parking function} of length $n$ may be defined as a sequence $(a_1,\dots,a_n)$ of positive integers whose increasing rearrangement $b_1\leq\cdots\leq b_n$ satisfies $b_i\leq k+(i-1)r$. The case $r=k=1$ corresponds to…

In this article, we establish new results on the probabilistic parking model (introduced by Durm\'ic, Han, Harris, Ribeiro, and Yin) with $m$ cars and $n$ parking spots and probability parameter $p\in[0,1]$. For any $ m \leq n$ and $p \in…

We explore the link between combinatorics and probability generated by the question "What does a random parking function look like?" This gives rise to novel probabilistic interpretations of some elegant, known generating functions. It…

Parking functions correspond with preferences of $n$ cars which enter sequentially to park on a one-way street where (1) each car parks in the first available spot greater than or equal to its preference and (2) all cars successfully park.…

We study the enumeration problem for different kind of tree parking functions introduced recently, called tree parking functions, tree parking distributions, prime tree parking functions, and prime tree parking distributions, for rooted…

We recall that a parking function of length $n+1$ is said to be prime if removing any instance of 1 yields a parking function of length $n$. In this article, we study prime parking functions from multiple lenses. We derive an explicit…

Let $1\leq r\leq n$ and suppose that, when the Depth-first Search Algorithm is applied to a given rooted labelled tree on $n+1$ vertices, exactly $r$ vertices are visited before backtracking. Let $R$ be the set of trees with this property.…

Given a positive-integer-valued vector $u=(u_1, \dots, u_m)$ with $u_1<\cdots<u_m$. A $u$-parking function of length $m$ is a sequence $\pi=(\pi_1, \dots, \pi_m)$ of positive integers whose non-decreasing rearrangement $(\lambda_1, \dots,…

In this paper, we complete the enumeration of the number of parking functions of length $n$ avoiding, in the sense defined by Qiu and Remmel, a permutation of length 3, answering several questions of Adeniran and Pudwell. Additionally, we…

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of a random uniform parking function $\pi_n$ of size $n$. We show that the first $k_n$ places $\pi_n(1),\dots,\pi_n(k_n)$ of $\pi_n$ are asymptotically i.i.d. and uniform on $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$,…

In this paper, we mainly study two notions of pattern avoidance in parking functions. First, for any collection of length 3 patterns, we compute the number of parking functions of size $n$ that avoid them under the first notion. This is…

We recall that unit interval parking functions of length $n$ are a subset of parking functions in which every car parks in its preference or in the spot after its preference, and Fubini rankings of length $n$ are rankings of $n$ competitors…

A classical parking function of length $n$ is a list of positive integers $(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n)$ whose nondecreasing rearrangement $b_1 \leq b_2 \leq \cdots \leq b_n$ satisfies $b_i \leq i$. The convex hull of all parking functions of…

We develop a circular-street argument, in the style of Pollak, to obtain a new proof that there are $C_n = \frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n}{n}$ weakly increasing parking functions of length $n \geq 1$, where $C_n$ is the $n$th Catalan number.

The displacement of a parking function measures the total difference between where cars want to park and where they ultimately park. In this article, we prove that the set of parking functions of length $n$ with displacement one is in…

We apply the concept of parking functions to rooted labelled trees and functional digraphs of mappings (i.e., functions $f : [n] \to [n]$) by considering the nodes as parking spaces and the directed edges as one-way streets: Each driver has…

In this paper, we obtain a q-exponential generating function for inversions on parking functions via symmetric function theory and also through a direct bijection to rooted labeled forests. We then apply these techniques to unit interval…

Parking functions, classically defined in terms of cars with preferred parking spots on a directed path attempting to park there, arise in many combinatorial situations and have seen various generalizations. In particular, parking functions…

In this paper, we view parking functions viewed as labeled Dyck paths in order to study a notion of pattern avoidance first introduced by Remmel and Qiu. In particular we enumerate the parking functions avoiding any set of two or more…

A parking function on $[n]$ creates a permutation in $S_n$ via the order in which the $n$ cars appear in the $n$ parking spaces. Placing the uniform probability measure on the set of parking functions on $[n]$ induces a probability measure…