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Asking clarifying questions in response to search queries has been recognized as a useful technique for revealing the underlying intent of the query. Clarification has applications in retrieval systems with different interfaces, from the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Hamed Zamani , Bhaskar Mitra , Everest Chen , Gord Lueck , Fernando Diaz , Paul N. Bennett , Nick Craswell , Susan T. Dumais

Clarification is increasingly becoming a vital factor in various topics of information retrieval, such as conversational search and modern Web search engines. Prompting the user for clarification in a search session can be very beneficial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Ivan Sekulić , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Humans often specify tasks incompletely, so assistants must know when and how to ask clarifying questions. However, effective clarification remains challenging in software engineering tasks as not all missing information is equally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Vijay Viswanathan , Graham Neubig

Search and recommender systems that take the initiative to ask clarifying questions to better understand users' information needs are receiving increasing attention from the research community. However, to the best of our knowledge, there…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Jie Zou , Evangelos Kanoulas , Yiqun Liu

While the body of research directed towards constructing and generating clarifying questions in mixed-initiative conversational search systems is vast, research aimed at processing and comprehending users' answers to such questions is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Ivan Sekulić , Weronika Łajewska , Krisztian Balog , Fabio Crestani

Conversational search systems increasingly employ clarifying questions to refine user queries and improve the search experience. Previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of text-based clarifying questions in enhancing both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Clemencia Siro , Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Yifei Yuan , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Maarten de Rijke

The increasing reliance on digital information necessitates advancements in conversational search systems, particularly in terms of information transparency. While prior research in conversational information-seeking has concentrated on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Weronika Łajewska , Damiano Spina , Johanne Trippas , Krisztian Balog

To improve online search results, clarification questions can be used to elucidate the information need of the user. This research aims to predict the user engagement with the clarification pane as an indicator of relevance based on the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Tom Lotze , Stefan Klut , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas

Counterfactual explanations are a widely used approach in Explainable AI, offering actionable insights into decision-making by illustrating how small changes to input data can lead to different outcomes. Despite their importance, evaluating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Marharyta Domnich , Rasmus Moorits Veski , Julius Välja , Kadi Tulver , Raul Vicente

Context: Recent research indicates that Web queries written by software developers are not very successful in retrieving relevant results, performing measurably worse compared to general purpose Web queries. Most approaches up to this point…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Mia Mohammad Imran , Kostadin Damevski

Adding explanations to recommender systems is said to have multiple benefits, such as increasing user trust or system transparency. Previous work from other application areas suggests that specific user characteristics impact the users'…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Kathrin Wardatzky , Oana Inel , Luca Rossetto , Abraham Bernstein

The effectiveness of clarification question models in engaging users within search systems is currently constrained, casting doubt on their overall usefulness. To improve the performance of these models, it is crucial to employ assessment…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Leila Tavakoli , Johanne R. Trippas , Hamed Zamani , Falk Scholer , Mark Sanderson

Clarification resolution plays an important role in various information retrieval tasks such as interactive question answering and conversational search. In such context, the user often formulates their information needs as short and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Hadrien Lautraite , Nada Naji , Louis Marceau , Marc Queudot , Eric Charton

When users initiate search sessions, their queries are often unclear or might lack of context; this resulting in inefficient document ranking. Multiple approaches have been proposed by the Information Retrieval community to add context and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Pierre Erbacher , Ludovic Denoyer , Laure Soulier

In source code search, a common information-seeking strategy involves providing a short initial query with a broad meaning, and then iteratively refining the query using terms gleaned from the results of subsequent searches. This strategy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Zachary Eberhart , Collin McMillan

Recent research on conversational search highlights the importance of mixed-initiative in conversations. To enable mixed-initiative, the system should be able to ask clarifying questions to the user. However, the ability of the underlying…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Antonios Minas Krasakis , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Nikos Voskarides , Evangelos Kanoulas

Users often fail to formulate their complex information needs in a single query. As a consequence, they may need to scan multiple result pages or reformulate their queries, which may be a frustrating experience. Alternatively, systems can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Mohammad Aliannejadi , Hamed Zamani , Fabio Crestani , W. Bruce Croft

Clarifying user's information needs is an essential component of modern search systems. While most of the approaches for constructing clarifying prompts rely on query facets, the impact of the quality of the facets is relatively unexplored.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Oleg Litvinov , Ivan Sekulić , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Users often make ambiguous requests that require clarification. We study the problem of asking clarification questions in an information retrieval setting, where systems often face ambiguous search queries and it is challenging to turn the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yizhou Chi , Jessy Lin , Kevin Lin , Dan Klein

Explainable question answering systems predict an answer together with an explanation showing why the answer has been selected. The goal is to enable users to assess the correctness of the system and understand its reasoning process.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Hendrik Schuff , Heike Adel , Ngoc Thang Vu
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