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Related papers: Clarifying the Path to User Satisfaction: An Inves…

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Users often need to look through multiple search result pages or reformulate queries when they have complex information-seeking needs. Conversational search systems make it possible to improve user satisfaction by asking questions to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Keping Bi , Qingyao Ai , W. Bruce Croft

There is a growing demand for transparency in search engines to understand how search results are curated and to enhance users' trust. Prior research has introduced search result explanations with a focus on how to explain, assuming…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Prerna Juneja , Wenjuan Zhang , Alison Marie Smith-Renner , Hemank Lamba , Joel Tetreault , Alex Jaimes

Clarification questions are an essential dialogue tool to signal misunderstanding, ambiguities, and under-specification in language use. While humans are able to resolve uncertainty by asking questions since childhood, modern dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Alberto Testoni , Raquel Fernández

With the increasing demand for predictable and accountable Artificial Intelligence, the ability to explain or justify recommender systems results by specifying how items are suggested, or why they are relevant, has become a primary goal.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Noemi Mauro , Zhongli Filippo Hu , Liliana Ardissono

Recent years have seen a boom in interest in machine learning systems that can provide a human-understandable rationale for their predictions or decisions. However, exactly what kinds of explanation are truly human-interpretable remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Isaac Lage , Emily Chen , Jeffrey He , Menaka Narayanan , Been Kim , Sam Gershman , Finale Doshi-Velez

Explainable machine learning and artificial intelligence models have been used to justify a model's decision-making process. This added transparency aims to help improve user performance and understanding of the underlying model. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Mahsan Nourani , Chiradeep Roy , Tahrima Rahman , Eric D. Ragan , Nicholas Ruozzi , Vibhav Gogate

Thousands of complex natural language questions are submitted to community question answering websites on a daily basis, rendering them as one of the most important information sources these days. However, oftentimes submitted questions are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Jan Trienes , Krisztian Balog

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly show reasoning rationales alongside their answers, turning "reasoning" into a user-interface element. While step-by-step rationales are typically associated with model performance, how they…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xin Sun , Shu Wei , Jos A Bosch , Isao Echizen , Saku Sugawara , Abdallah El Ali

In conversational search, agents can interact with users by asking clarifying questions to increase their chance to find better results. Many recent works and shared tasks in both NLP and IR communities have focused on identifying the need…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Zhenduo Wang , Qingyao Ai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made it possible for recommendation systems to interact with users in open-ended conversational interfaces. In order to personalize LLM responses, it is crucial to elicit user preferences, especially when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ali Montazeralghaem , Guy Tennenholtz , Craig Boutilier , Ofer Meshi

This study is the first attempt to explore the impact of clarification question modality on user preference in search engines. We introduce the multi-modal search clarification dataset, MIMICS-MM, containing clarification questions with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Leila Tavakoli , Giovanni Castiglia , Federica Calo , Yashar Deldjoo , Hamed Zamani , Johanne R. Trippas

A large-scale conversational agent can suffer from understanding user utterances with various ambiguities such as ASR ambiguity, intent ambiguity, and hypothesis ambiguity. When ambiguities are detected, the agent should engage in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Joo-Kyung Kim , Guoyin Wang , Sungjin Lee , Young-Bum Kim

In mixed-initiative conversational search systems, clarifying questions are used to help users who struggle to express their intentions in a single query. These questions aim to uncover user's information needs and resolve query…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Yifei Yuan , Clemencia Siro , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Maarten de Rijke , Wai Lam

A number of exciting advances have been made in automated fact-checking thanks to increasingly larger datasets and more powerful systems, leading to improvements in the complexity of claims which can be accurately fact-checked. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Neema Kotonya , Francesca Toni

Context and Motivation: The increasing complexity of modern software systems often challenges users' abilities to interact with them. Taking established quality attributes such as usability and transparency into account can mitigate this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Martin Obaidi , Jakob Droste , Hannah Deters , Marc Herrmann , Jil Klünder , Kurt Schneider

Despite recent progress on conversational systems, they still do not perform smoothly and coherently when faced with ambiguous requests. When questions are unclear, conversational systems should have the ability to ask clarifying questions,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Negar Arabzadeh , Mahsa Seifikar , Charles L. A. Clarke

As software systems grow increasingly complex, explainability has become a crucial non-functional requirement for transparency, user trust, and regulatory compliance. Eliciting explainability requirements is challenging, as different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Martin Obaidi , Jakob Droste , Hannah Deters , Marc Herrmann , Raymond Ochsner , Jil Klünder , Kurt Schneider

Users often formulate their search queries with immature language without well-developed keywords and complete structures. Such queries fail to express their true information needs and raise ambiguity as fragmental language often yield…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Zhenduo Wang , Qingyao Ai

We feel happy when web-browsing operations provide us with necessary information; otherwise, we feel bitter. How to measure this happiness (or bitterness)? How does the profile of happiness grow and decay during the course of web-browsing?…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Anirban Banerji , Aniket Magarkar

Recommender systems play a vital role in helping users discover content in streaming services, but their effectiveness depends on users understanding why items are recommended. In this study, explanations were based solely on item features…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Juan Ahmad , Jonas Hellgren , Alan Said