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In this article, the weighted empirical likelihood is applied to a general setting of two-sample semiparametric models, which includes biased sampling models and case-control logistic regression models as special cases. For various types of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Jian-Jian Ren

In the causal adjustment setting, variable selection techniques based on one of either the outcome or treatment allocation model can result in the omission of confounders, which leads to bias, or the inclusion of spurious variables, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-30 Ashkan Ertefaie , Masoud Asgharian , David Stephens

Energy-based probabilistic models learned by maximizing the likelihood of the data are limited by the intractability of the partition function. A widely used workaround is to maximize the pseudo-likelihood, which replaces the global…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Francesco D'Amico , Dario Bocchi , Luca Maria Del Bono , Saverio Rossi , Matteo Negri

If we could define the set of all bad outcomes, we could hard-code an agent which avoids them; however, in sufficiently complex environments, this is infeasible. We do not know of any general-purpose approaches in the literature to avoiding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Michael K. Cohen , Marcus Hutter

The goal of this article is to investigate how human participants allocate their limited time to decisions with different properties. We report the results of two behavioral experiments. In each trial of the experiments, the participant…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-07-20 Arash Khodadadi , Pegah Fakhari , Jerome R. Busemeyer

Behavioural economics provides labels for patterns in human economic behaviour. Probability weighting is one such label. It expresses a mismatch between probabilities used in a formal model of a decision (i.e. model parameters) and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-05-04 Ole Peters , Alexander Adamou , Mark Kirstein , Yonatan Berman

We present a formal language for specifying qualitative preferences over temporal goals and a preference-based planning method in stochastic systems. Using automata-theoretic modeling, the proposed specification allows us to express…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Jie Fu

We implement nonparametric revealed-preference tests of subjective expected utility theory and its generalizations. We find that a majority of subjects' choices are consistent with the maximization of some utility function. They respond to…

General Economics · Economics 2021-05-04 Federico Echenique , Taisuke Imai , Kota Saito

We present an opinion model founded upon the principles of the bounded confidence interaction among agents. Our objective is to explain the polarization effects inherent to vector-valued opinions. The evolutionary process adheres to the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Jacek Cyranka , Piotr B. Mucha

We consider the problem of sequentially making decisions that are rewarded by "successes" and "failures" which can be predicted through an unknown relationship that depends on a partially controllable vector of attributes for each instance.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-18 Yingfei Wang , Chu Wang , Warren Powell

Family studies provide an important tool for understanding etiology of diseases, with the key aim of discovering evidence of family aggregation and to determine if such aggregation can be attributed to genetic components. Heritability and…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-01-27 Klaus K. Holst , Thomas H. Scheike , Jacob B. Hjelmborg

We investigate how the choice of decision makers can be varied under the presence of risk and uncertainty. Our analysis is based on the approach we have previously applied to individual decision makers, which we now generalize to the case…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-09-03 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

We consider randomized mechanisms with optional participation. Preferences over lotteries are modeled using skew-symmetric bilinear (SSB) utility functions, a generalization of classic von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions. We show that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-17 Florian Brandl , Felix Brandt , Johannes Hofbauer

We study the problem of distributed cooperative learning, where a group of agents seeks to agree on a set of hypotheses that best describes a sequence of private observations. In the scenario where the set of hypotheses is large, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Mohammad Taha Toghani , César A. Uribe

Research on cognitive biases and heuristics has become increasingly popular in the visualization literature in recent years. Researchers have studied the effects of biases on visualization interpretation and subsequent decision-making.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Ali Baigelenov , Prakash Shukla , Zixu Zhang , Paul Parsons

Mutually exclusive decisions have been studied for decades. Many well-known decision theories have been defined to help people either to make rational decisions or to interpret people's behaviors, such as expected utility theory, regret…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-09 Pengyu Zhu

Consequential decision-making incentivizes individuals to strategically adapt their behavior to the specifics of the decision rule. While a long line of work has viewed strategic adaptation as gaming and attempted to mitigate its effects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 John Miller , Smitha Milli , Moritz Hardt

We live in a world brimming with uncertainty, where we constantly have to make a lot of decisions under incomplete information. We are firm believers that our subjective belief cannot be computed by rigorous mathematical formula; instead…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-02-08 Lizhi Xin , Kevin Xin , Houwen Xin

I study altruistic choices through the lens of a cognitively noisy decision-maker. I introduce a theoretical framework that demonstrates how increased cognitive noise can directionally affect altruistic decisions and put its implications to…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-03 Niklas M. Witzig

Information theory can be used to analyze the cost-benefit of visualization processes. However, the current measure of benefit contains an unbounded term that is neither easy to estimate nor intuitive to interpret. In this work, we propose…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Min Chen , Mateu Sbert
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