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We propose an efficient method to generate white-box adversarial examples to trick a character-level neural classifier. We find that only a few manipulations are needed to greatly decrease the accuracy. Our method relies on an atomic flip…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Javid Ebrahimi , Anyi Rao , Daniel Lowd , Dejing Dou

We study adversarial examples in a black-box setting where the adversary only has API access to the target model and each query is expensive. Prior work on black-box adversarial examples follows one of two main strategies: (1) transfer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Fnu Suya , Jianfeng Chi , David Evans , Yuan Tian

The field of adversarial textual attack has significantly grown over the last few years, where the commonly considered objective is to craft adversarial examples (AEs) that can successfully fool the target model. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Shengcai Liu , Ning Lu , Wenjing Hong , Chao Qian , Ke Tang

Adversarial examples are important for understanding the behavior of neural models, and can improve their robustness through adversarial training. Recent work in natural language processing generated adversarial examples by assuming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Yotam Gil , Yoav Chai , Or Gorodissky , Jonathan Berant

Healthcare predictive analytics aids medical decision-making, diagnosis prediction and drug review analysis. Therefore, prediction accuracy is an important criteria which also necessitates robust predictive language models. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Ishani Mondal

Machine learning security has recently become a prominent topic in the natural language processing (NLP) area. The existing black-box adversarial attack suffers prohibitively from the high model querying complexity, resulting in easily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Wenjie Lv , Zhen Wang , Yitao Zheng , Zhehua Zhong , Qi Xuan , Tianyi Chen

Recently more attention has been given to adversarial attacks on neural networks for natural language processing (NLP). A central research topic has been the investigation of search algorithms and search constraints, accompanied by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Nathaniel Berger , Stefan Riezler , Artem Sokolov , Sebastian Ebert

Although various techniques have been proposed to generate adversarial samples for white-box attacks on text, little attention has been paid to black-box attacks, which are more realistic scenarios. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Ji Gao , Jack Lanchantin , Mary Lou Soffa , Yanjun Qi

We demonstrate that model-based derivative free optimisation algorithms can generate adversarial targeted misclassification of deep networks using fewer network queries than non-model-based methods. Specifically, we consider the black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Giuseppe Ughi , Vinayak Abrol , Jared Tanner

Modern text classification models are susceptible to adversarial examples, perturbed versions of the original text indiscernible by humans which get misclassified by the model. Recent works in NLP use rule-based synonym replacement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Siddhant Garg , Goutham Ramakrishnan

Recent work has shown how easily white-box adversarial attacks can be applied to state-of-the-art image classifiers. However, real-life scenarios resemble more the black-box adversarial conditions, lacking transparency and usually imposing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Andrei Ilie , Marius Popescu , Alin Stefanescu

Adversarial attacks remain a significant threat that can jeopardize the integrity of Machine Learning (ML) models. In particular, query-based black-box attacks can generate malicious noise without having access to the victim model's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jeonghwan Park , Niall McLaughlin , Ihsen Alouani

Deep neural network-based classifiers are prone to errors when processing adversarial examples (AEs). AEs are minimally perturbed input data undetectable to humans posing significant risks to security-dependent applications. Hence,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Fumiya Morimoto , Ryuto Morita , Satoshi Ono

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated excellent performance on various tasks, however they are under the risk of adversarial examples that can be easily generated when the target model is accessible to an attacker (white-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Yang Bai , Yuyuan Zeng , Yong Jiang , Yisen Wang , Shu-Tao Xia , Weiwei Guo

One of the most practical and challenging types of black-box adversarial attacks is the hard-label attack, where only the top-1 predicted label is available. One effective approach is to search for the optimal ray direction from the benign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Chen Ma , Xinjie Xu , Shuyu Cheng , Qi Xuan

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which can mislead classifiers by adding imperceptible perturbations. An intriguing property of adversarial examples is their good transferability, making black-box attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Yinpeng Dong , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

With the development of large language models (LLMs), detecting whether text is generated by a machine becomes increasingly challenging in the face of malicious use cases like the spread of false information, protection of intellectual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

Adversarial attacks perturb images such that a deep neural network produces incorrect classification results. A promising approach to defend against adversarial attacks on natural multi-object scenes is to impose a context-consistency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Zikui Cai , Shantanu Rane , Alejandro E. Brito , Chengyu Song , Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , M. Salman Asif

In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the vulnerability of ASR systems, revealing that black-box adversarial example attacks pose significant threats to real-world ASR systems. However, most existing black-box attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Zheng Fang , Tao Wang , Lingchen Zhao , Shenyi Zhang , Bowen Li , Yunjie Ge , Qi Li , Chao Shen , Qian Wang

Black-box adversarial attacks are widely used as tools to test the robustness of deep neural networks against malicious perturbations of input data aimed at a specific change in the output of the model. Such methods, although they remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Anna Chistyakova , Mikhail Pautov