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Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Among different attack settings, the most challenging yet the most practical one is the hard-label setting where the attacker only has access to the hard-label output (prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Jinghui Chen , Quanquan Gu

Deep learning systems are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. In particular, query-based black-box attacks do not require knowledge of the deep learning model, but can compute adversarial examples over the network by submitting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Huiying Li , Shawn Shan , Emily Wenger , Jiayun Zhang , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Text adversarial attack methods are typically designed for static scenarios with fixed numbers of output labels and a predefined label space, relying on extensive querying of the victim model (query-based attacks) or the surrogate model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Wenqiang Wang , Siyuan Liang , Xiao Yan , Xiaochun Cao

Many word-level adversarial attack approaches for textual data have been proposed in recent studies. However, due to the massive search space consisting of combinations of candidate words, the existing approaches face the problem of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Xingyi Zhao , Lu Zhang , Depeng Xu , Shuhan Yuan

Deep neural networks and other machine learning systems, despite being extremely powerful and able to make predictions with high accuracy, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. We proposed the DeltaBound attack: a novel, powerful attack in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Lorenzo Rossi

No-Reference Video Quality Assessment (NR-VQA) plays an essential role in improving the viewing experience of end-users. Driven by deep learning, recent NR-VQA models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ao-Xiang Zhang , Yu Ran , Weixuan Tang , Yuan-Gen Wang

Adversarial attack has garnered considerable attention due to its profound implications for the secure deployment of robots in sensitive security scenarios. To potentially push for advances in the field, this paper studies the adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Mingyuan Fan , Yang Liu , Cen Chen , Ximeng Liu

Existing black box search methods have achieved high success rate in generating adversarial attacks against NLP models. However, such search methods are inefficient as they do not consider the amount of queries required to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Rishabh Maheshwary , Saket Maheshwary , Vikram Pudi

In the scenario of black-box adversarial attack, the target model's parameters are unknown, and the attacker aims to find a successful adversarial perturbation based on query feedback under a query budget. Due to the limited feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Fei Yin , Yong Zhang , Baoyuan Wu , Yan Feng , Jingyi Zhang , Yanbo Fan , Yujiu Yang

Research on adversarial attacks are becoming widely popular in the recent years. One of the unexplored areas where prior research is lacking is the effect of adversarial attacks on code-mixed data. Therefore, in the present work, we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Sourya Dipta Das , Ayan Basak , Soumil Mandal , Dipankar Das

Machine Learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks and will highly likely produce incorrect outputs under these attacks. There are white-box and black-box attacks regarding to adversary's access level to the victim learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Saeid Samizade , Zheng-Hua Tan , Chao Shen , Xiaohong Guan

We propose a novel genetic-algorithm technique that generates black-box adversarial examples which successfully fool neural network based text classifiers. We perform a genetic search with multi-objective optimization guided by deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Alex Mathai , Shreya Khare , Srikanth Tamilselvam , Senthil Mani

We present a new method for black-box adversarial attack. Unlike previous methods that combined transfer-based and scored-based methods by using the gradient or initialization of a surrogate white-box model, this new method tries to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Zhichao Huang , Tong Zhang

Hard-label black-box attacks, relying solely on top-1 predictions, represent one of the most challenging yet practically threat models. Despite recent progress, existing approaches face two key limitations: (1) they overlook the critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jun Liu , Leo Yu Zhang , Fengpeng Li , Isao Echizen , Jiantao Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various graph structure related tasks such as node classification and graph classification. However, GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Jiaming Mu , Binghui Wang , Qi Li , Kun Sun , Mingwei Xu , Zhuotao Liu

We study the behavior of several black-box search algorithms used for generating adversarial examples for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. We perform a fine-grained analysis of three elements relevant to search: search algorithm,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Jin Yong Yoo , John X. Morris , Eli Lifland , Yanjun Qi

Adversarial examples are inputs intentionally generated for fooling a deep neural network. Recent studies have proposed unrestricted adversarial attacks that are not norm-constrained. However, the previous unrestricted attack methods still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Dongbin Na , Sangwoo Ji , Jong Kim

The use of large language models (LLMs) in peer review systems has attracted growing attention, making it essential to examine their potential vulnerabilities. Prior attacks rely on prompt injection, which alters manuscript content and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Masahiro Kaneko

We design blackbox transfer-based targeted adversarial attacks for an environment where the attacker's source model and the target blackbox model may have disjoint label spaces and training datasets. This scenario significantly differs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nathan Inkawhich , Kevin J Liang , Jingyang Zhang , Huanrui Yang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Textual adversarial attacks pose a serious security threat to Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems by introducing imperceptible perturbations that mislead deep learning models. While adversarial example detection offers a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 He Zhu , Yanshu Li , Wen Liu , Haitian Yang