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Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across domains but remain prone to hallucinations and inconsistencies. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by augmenting model inputs with relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Akash Dhasade , Rachid Guerraoui , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Diana Petrescu , Rafael Pires , Mathis Randl , Martijn de Vos

Textual data question answering has gained significant attention due to its growing applicability. Recently, a novel approach leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) method was introduced, utilizing the Prize-Collecting Steiner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Manthankumar Solanki

We present a novel approach to pseudo-feedback-based ad hoc retrieval that uses language models induced from both documents and clusters. First, we treat the pseudo-feedback documents produced in response to the original query as a set of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Oren Kurland , Lillian Lee , Carmel Domshlak

Large-scale digitization initiatives have unlocked massive collections of historical newspapers, yet effective computational access remains hindered by OCR corruption, multilingual orthographic variation, and temporal language drift. We…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anthony Mudet , Souhail Bakkali

Large reasoning models improve accuracy by producing long reasoning traces, but this inflates latency and cost, motivating inference-time efficiency. We propose Retrieval-of-Thought (RoT), which reuses prior reasoning as composable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ammar Ahmed , Azal Ahmad Khan , Ayaan Ahmad , Sheng Di , Zirui Liu , Ali Anwar

Retrieving relevant plots from the book for a query is a critical task, which can improve the reading experience and efficiency of readers. Readers usually only give an abstract and vague description as the query based on their own…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Jiangnan Li , Mo Yu , Fandong Meng , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng , Jie Zhou

The anthology of spoken languages today is inundated with textual information, necessitating the development of automatic summarization models. In this manuscript, we propose an extractor-paraphraser based abstractive summarization system…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Anubhav Jangra , Raghav Jain , Vaibhav Mavi , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Solving arithmetic word problems is a cornerstone task in assessing language understanding and reasoning capabilities in NLP systems. Recent works use automatic extraction and ranking of candidate solution equations providing the answer to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Klim Zaporojets , Giannis Bekoulis , Johannes Deleu , Thomas Demeester , Chris Develder

Conversational search, unlike single-turn retrieval tasks, requires understanding the current question within a dialogue context. The common approach of rewrite-then-retrieve aims to decontextualize questions to be self-sufficient for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chanwoong Yoon , Gangwoo Kim , Byeongguk Jeon , Sungdong Kim , Yohan Jo , Jaewoo Kang

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which incorporate the non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into LLMs, have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy in several tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Retrieval augmentation is critical when Language Models (LMs) exploit non-parametric knowledge related to the query through external knowledge bases before reasoning. The retrieved information is incorporated into LMs as context alongside…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Mingzhu Wang , Yuzhe Zhang , Qihang Zhao , Junyi Yang , Hong Zhang

Retrieval with extremely long queries and documents is a well-known and challenging task in information retrieval and is commonly known as Query-by-Document (QBD) retrieval. Specifically designed Transformer models that can handle long…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Arian Askari , Suzan Verberne , Amin Abolghasemi , Wessel Kraaij , Gabriella Pasi

Abstractive summarization typically relies on large collections of paired articles and summaries. However, in many cases, parallel data is scarce and costly to obtain. We develop an abstractive summarization system that relies only on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Nikola I. Nikolov , Richard H. R. Hahnloser

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) connects large language models (LLMs) to external knowledge, but single-round retrieval is often insufficient for complex multi-hop questions. To enhance search capabilities for complex tasks, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kun Chen , Qingchao Kong , Zhao Feifei , Wenji Mao

Despite the advantages of their low-resource settings, traditional sparse retrievers depend on exact matching approaches between high-dimensional bag-of-words (BoW) representations of both the queries and the collection. As a result,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Dahlia Shehata

Modern retrieval systems do not rely on a single ranking model to construct their rankings. Instead, they generally take a cascading approach where a sequence of ranking models are applied in multiple re-ranking stages. Thereby, they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Harrie Oosterhuis , Rolf Jagerman , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang

Abstractive summarization is an ideal form of summarization since it can synthesize information from multiple documents to create concise informative summaries. In this work, we aim at developing an abstractive summarizer. First, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Siddhartha Banerjee , Prasenjit Mitra , Kazunari Sugiyama

Large Language Models have brought a radical change in the process of remote learning students, among other aspects of educative activities. Current retrieval of remote learning resources lacks depth in contextual meaning that provides…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Wenqi Guan , Yang Fang

Large language models have limited context capacity, hindering reasoning over long conversations. We propose the Hierarchical Aggregate Tree memory structure to recursively aggregate relevant dialogue context through conditional tree…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aadharsh Aadhithya A , Sachin Kumar S , Soman K. P

We propose encoder-centric stepwise models for extractive summarization using structured transformers -- HiBERT and Extended Transformers. We enable stepwise summarization by injecting the previously generated summary into the structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Shashi Narayan , Joshua Maynez , Jakub Adamek , Daniele Pighin , Blaž Bratanič , Ryan McDonald