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This paper addresses the distributed optimal frequency control of power systems considering a network-preserving model with nonlinear power flows and excitation voltage dynamics. Salient features of the proposed distributed control strategy…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Zhaojian Wang , Feng Liu , John Z. F. Pang , Steven Low , Shengwei Mei

Grid-connected power converters are ubiquitous in modern power systems, acting as grid interfaces of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, high-voltage DC systems, etc. Conventionally, power converters use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Ruohan Leng , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Ping Ju , Xiongfei Wang , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

As more and more renewable intermittent generations are being connected to the distribution grid, the grid operators require more flexibility to maintain the balance between supply and demand. The intermittencies give rise to situations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-10 Ankur Majumdar , Omid Alizadeh-Mousavi

With the gradual transformation of power generation towards renewables, distributed energy resources are becoming more and more relevant for grid stabilization. In order to involve all participants in the joint solution of this challenging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-18 Lukas Kölsch , Katharina Wieninger , Stefan Krebs , Sören Hohmann

We treat the emerging power systems with direct current (DC) MicroGrids, characterized with high penetration of power electronic converters. We rely on the power electronics to propose a decentralized solution for autonomous learning of and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Marko Angjelichinoski , Anna Scaglione , Petar Popovski , Cedomir Stefanovic

The dynamic response of power grids to small events or persistent stochastic disturbances influences their stable operation. Low-frequency inter-area oscillations are of particular concern due to insufficient damping. This paper studies the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Manish K. Singh , Vassilis Kekatos

We propose a novel frequency control approach in between centralized and distributed architectures, that is a continuous-time feedback control version of the dual decomposition optimization method. Specifically, a convex combination of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-10 Florian Dörfler , Sergio Grammatico

We consider the problem of voltage stability and reactive power balancing in islanded small-scale electrical networks outfitted with DC/AC inverters ("microgrids"). A droop-like voltage feedback controller is proposed which is quadratic in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco , Florian Dorfler , Francesco Bullo

With the growing integration of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) transmission systems, there is an increasing need for control strategies that ensure both economic efficiency and robust dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-07 Hongjin Du , Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi , Rashmi Prasad , Pedro P. Vergara , Peter Palensky , Aleksandra Lekić

In the recent years, the interest in electric direct current (DC) technologies (such as converters, batteries, electric vehicles, etc.) is increasing due to its potential on energy efficiency and sustainability. However, the vast majority…

Optimization is an essential part of power grid operation and lately, Online Optimization methods have gained traction. One such method is Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) which uses measurements from the grid as feedback to iteratively…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-11 Lukas Ortmann , Christian Rubin , Alessandro Scozzafava , Janick Lehmann , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems for constant or intermittent power delivery have recently been developed further to support grid frequency regulation (GFR). This paper proposes a new control strategy for a line-commutated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Do-Hoon Kwon , Youngjin Kim

We consider the problem of grid-forming control of power converters in low-inertia power systems. Starting from an average-switch three-phase inverter model, we draw parallels to a synchronous machine (SM) model and propose a novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-27 Catalin Arghir , Taouba Jouini , Florian Dorfler

The increasing installation of controllable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in Distribution Networks (DNs) opens up new opportunities for the provision of ancillary services to the Transmission Network (TN) level. As the penetration of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Stavros Karagiannopoulos , Costas Mylonas , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

This paper proposes an optimal, grid-aware control framework for the islanding, island-operation and resynchronisation of hybrid AC/DC microgrids. The optimal control framework is based on a formally derived linearized load-flow model for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-07 Willem Lambrichts , Jules Mace , Drazen Dujic , Mario Paolone

This paper explores the novel concept of damping controller coordination, which aims to minimize the Total Action metric by identifying an optimal switching combination (on/off) of these controllers. The metric is rooted in power system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-03 Francisco Zelaya-Arrazabal , Hector Pulgar-Painemal , Jingzi Liu , Horacio Silva-Saravia , Fangxing Li

Alternating-Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is framed as a NP-hard non-convex optimization problem that solves for the most economical dispatch of grid generation given the AC-network and device constraints. Although there are no…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Amritanshu Pandey , Aayushya Agarwal , Larry Pileggi

This paper develops a new analytical model to estimate real-time variations in grid frequency and voltages resulting from dynamic network reconfiguration (DNR). In the proposed model, switching operations are considered as discrete…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Jae-Young Park , Young-Jin Kim

The reliance on distributed renewable energy has increased recently. As a result, power electronic-based distributed generators replaced synchronous generators which led to a change in the dynamic characteristics of the microgrid. Most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Rezvan Alamian , Nima Tashakor , Brahim Elkhalil Youcefa , Stefan M. Goetz

We present a hardware-based validation of angular droop control for grid-forming DC/AC converters, a control strategy that establishes active power-to-angle droop. Angular droop control enables exact frequency regulation at steady state,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Taouba Jouini , Jan Wachter , Sophie An , Veit Hagenmeyer