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We demonstrate, for the first time, fully quantized training (FQT) of large language models (LLMs) using predominantly 4-bit floating-point (FP4) precision for weights, activations, and gradients on datasets up to 200 billion tokens. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Brian Chmiel , Maxim Fishman , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry

Quantization is a powerful tool to improve large language model (LLM) inference efficiency by utilizing more energy-efficient low-precision datapaths and reducing memory footprint. However, accurately quantizing LLM weights and activations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Coleman Hooper , Charbel Sakr , Ben Keller , Rangharajan Venkatesan , Kurt Keutzer , Sophia Shao , Brucek Khailany

Camera-based multi-view 3D detection is crucial for autonomous driving. PETR and its variants (PETRs) excel in benchmarks but face deployment challenges due to high computational cost and memory footprint. Quantization is an effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jiangyong Yu , Changyong Shu , Sifan Zhou , Zichen Yu , Xing Hu , Yan Chen , Dawei Yang

Camera-based multi-view 3D detection is crucial for autonomous driving. PETR and its variants (PETRs) excel in benchmarks but face deployment challenges due to high computational cost and memory footprint. Quantization is an effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jiangyong Yu , Changyong Shu , Sifan Zhou , Zichen Yu , Xing Hu , Yan Chen , Dawei Yang

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in image synthesis and related generative tasks. Nevertheless, their practicality for real-world applications is constrained by substantial computational costs and latency issues.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yefei He , Jing Liu , Weijia Wu , Hong Zhou , Bohan Zhuang

Client heterogeneity poses significant challenges to the performance of Quantum Federated Learning (QFL). To overcome these limitations, we propose a new approach leveraging deep unfolding, which enables clients to autonomously optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shanika Iroshi Nanayakkara , Shiva Raj Pokhrel

With the tremendous success of deep learning, there exists imminent need to deploy deep learning models onto edge devices. To tackle the limited computing and storage resources in edge devices, model compression techniques have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sung-En Chang , Yanyu Li , Mengshu Sun , Weiwen Jiang , Runbin Shi , Xue Lin , Yanzhi Wang

Network quantization generally converts full-precision weights and/or activations into low-bit fixed-point values in order to accelerate an inference process. Recent approaches to network quantization further discretize the gradients into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Dohyung Kim , Junghyup Lee , Jeimin Jeon , Jaehyeon Moon , Bumsub Ham

The burgeoning computational demands for training large language models (LLMs) necessitate efficient methods, including quantized training, which leverages low-bit arithmetic operations to reduce costs. While FP8 precision has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiecheng Zhou , Ding Tang , Rong Fu , Boni Hu , Haoran Xu , Yi Wang , Zhilin Pei , Zhongling Su , Liang Liu , Xingcheng Zhang , Weiming Zhang

Specialized edge accelerators rely on low-bit quantization, but vendor compilers differ in scaling, clipping, and kernel support, often as black boxes. The same floating-point (FP) checkpoint can therefore yield inconsistent accuracy across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Rayen Dhahri , Steffen Urban

Model quantization has emerged as an indispensable technique to accelerate deep learning inference. While researchers continue to push the frontier of quantization algorithms, existing quantization work is often unreproducible and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Yuhang Li , Mingzhu Shen , Jian Ma , Yan Ren , Mingxin Zhao , Qi Zhang , Ruihao Gong , Fengwei Yu , Junjie Yan

The ever-growing cost of both training and inference for state-of-the-art neural networks has brought literature to look upon ways to cut off resources used with a minimal impact on accuracy. Using lower precision comes at the cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Quentin Ducasse , Pascal Cotret , Loïc Lagadec , Robert Stewart

This study aims to ensure consistency in accuracy throughout the entire design flow in the implementation of edge AI hardware for few-shot learning, by implementing fixed-point data processing in the pre-training and evaluation phases.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 R. Kanda , N. Onizawa , M. Leonardon , V. Gripon , T. Hanyu

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved extraordinary performance in various application domains. To support diverse DNN models, efficient implementations of DNN inference on edge-computing platforms, e.g., ASICs, FPGAs, and embedded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Sung-En Chang , Yanyu Li , Mengshu Sun , Runbin Shi , Hayden K. -H. So , Xuehai Qian , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin

Neural network quantization is a promising compression technique to reduce memory footprint and save energy consumption, potentially leading to real-time inference. However, there is a performance gap between quantized and full-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Qing Jin , Jian Ren , Richard Zhuang , Sumant Hanumante , Zhengang Li , Zhiyu Chen , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang , Sergey Tulyakov

The inherent heavy computation of deep neural networks prevents their widespread applications. A widely used method for accelerating model inference is quantization, by replacing the input operands of a network using fixed-point values.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Hongwei Xie , Shuo Zhang , Huanghao Ding , Yafei Song , Baitao Shao , Conggang Hu , Ling Cai , Mingyang Li

Diffusion models have achieved significant visual generation quality. However, their significant computational and memory costs pose challenge for their application on resource-constrained mobile devices or even desktop GPUs. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Tianchen Zhao , Xuefei Ning , Tongcheng Fang , Enshu Liu , Guyue Huang , Zinan Lin , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Quantization-aware training (QAT) schemes have been shown to achieve near-full precision accuracy. They accomplish this by training a quantized model for multiple epochs. This is computationally expensive, mainly because of the full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Saleh Ashkboos , Bram Verhoef , Torsten Hoefler , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Martino Dazzi

While advancements in quantization have significantly reduced the computational costs of inference in deep learning, training still predominantly relies on complex floating-point arithmetic. Low-precision fixed-point training presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hassan Hamad , Yuou Qiu , Peter A. Beerel , Keith M. Chugg

Recent advancements in machine learning achieved by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been significant. While demonstrating high accuracy, DNNs are associated with a huge number of parameters and computations, which leads to high memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Babak Rokh , Ali Azarpeyvand , Alireza Khanteymoori