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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing tasks and can be adapted through prompting. However, they remain suboptimal in multi-turn interactions, often relying on incorrect…

Utilizing tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for grounding AI agents in real-world applications. The prevailing approach involves few-shot prompting with demonstrations or fine-tuning with expert annotations. However, mere…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xiaohan Wang , Dian Li , Yilin Zhao , Sinbadliu , Hui Wang

This paper introduces RecAI, a practical toolkit designed to augment or even revolutionize recommender systems with the advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). RecAI provides a suite of tools, including Recommender AI Agent,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Jianxun Lian , Yuxuan Lei , Xu Huang , Jing Yao , Wei Xu , Xing Xie

The integration of tools in augmenting large language models presents a novel approach toward enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of these models in handling specific, complex tasks. This paper delves into the methodology,challenges, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhuocheng Shen

This paper presents AutoHint, a novel framework for automatic prompt engineering and optimization for Large Language Models (LLM). While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable ability in achieving high-quality annotation in various tasks, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Hong Sun , Xue Li , Yinchuan Xu , Youkow Homma , Qi Cao , Min Wu , Jian Jiao , Denis Charles

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made extraordinary progress in the field of Artificial Intelligence and have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a large variety of tasks and domains. However, as we venture closer to creating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Brandon Kynoch , Hugo Latapie , Dwane van der Sluis

Tool learning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to interact with external environments by invoking tools, serving as an effective strategy to mitigate the limitations inherent in their pre-training data. In this process, tool…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Changle Qu , Sunhao Dai , Xiaochi Wei , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Jun Xu , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in solving various natural language processing tasks and are now widely offered as services. LLM services enable users to accomplish tasks without requiring specialized knowledge,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Can Wang , Dianbo Sui , Bolin Zhang , Xiaoyu Liu , Jiabao Kang , Zhidong Qiao , Zhiying Tu

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 has sparked discussions on the advent of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, replicating such advancements in open-source models has been challenging. This…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating up-to-date external knowledge, yet real-world web environments present unique challenges. These limitations manifest as two key challenges: pervasive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuqin Dai , Shuo Yang , Guoqing Wang , Yong Deng , Zhanwei Zhang , Jun Yin , Pengyu Zeng , Zhenzhe Ying , Changhua Meng , Can Yi , Yuchen Zhou , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tool learning. In real-world scenarios, user queries are often ambiguous and incomplete, requiring effective clarification. However, existing interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xuan Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Zhe Zheng , Linjuan Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yuchen Yan , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

Language models (LMs) are becoming increasingly dependent on external tools. LM-based agentic frameworks frequently interact with their environment via such tools to search files, run code, call APIs, etc. Further, modern reasoning-based…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Daniel Nichols , Prajwal Singhania , Charles Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele , Harshitha Menon

The ability to use tools is fundamental for large language model (LLM) agents. Given a task, existing systems use LLMs to plan and generate tool calls, which are executed by real-world tools to complete the task. However, tool calls are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zeyu Zhang , Guohao Li , Zhenchang Xing , Alexandros Apostolopoulos , Yu Lin Lee , Liang Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks, but they still suffer from challenges such as hallucination and weak numerical reasoning. To overcome these challenges, external tools can be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Kuan Wang , Haotian Sun , Chao Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in question-answering tasks, their performance is limited when the questions require knowledge that is not included in the model's training data and can only be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Abhigya Sodani , Lauren Moos , Matthew Mirman

Tool learning is increasingly important for large language models (LLMs) to effectively coordinate and utilize a diverse set of tools in order to solve complex real-world tasks. By selecting and integrating appropriate tools, LLMs extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zheng Fang , Wolfgang Mayer , Zeyu Zhang , Jian Wang , Hong-Yu Zhang , Wanli Li , Zaiwen Feng

While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and PaLM have demonstrated remarkable performance in various language understanding and generation tasks, their capabilities in complex reasoning and intricate knowledge utilization still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haodi Zhang , Min Cai , Xinhe Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Rui Mao , Kaishun Wu

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on general NLP tasks, but they may fall short for domain-specific problems. Recently, various Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RALLMs) are proposed to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Shangqing Tu , Yuanchun Wang , Jifan Yu , Yuyang Xie , Yaran Shi , Xiaozhi Wang , Jing Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

To solve complex tasks, large language models (LLMs) often require multiple rounds of interactions with the user, sometimes assisted by external tools. However, current evaluation protocols often emphasize benchmark performance with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xingyao Wang , Zihan Wang , Jiateng Liu , Yangyi Chen , Lifan Yuan , Hao Peng , Heng Ji
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