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DNA is a leading candidate as the next archival storage media due to its density, durability and sustainability. To read (and write) data DNA storage exploits technology that has been developed over decades to sequence naturally occurring…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Jasmine Quah , Omer Sella , Thomas Heinis

We describe a strategy for constructing codes for DNA-based information storage by serial composition of weighted finite-state transducers. The resulting state machines can integrate correction of substitution errors; synchronization by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Ian Holmes

We provide an overview of current approaches to DNA-based storage system design and accompanying synthesis, sequencing and editing methods. We also introduce and analyze a suite of new constrained coding schemes for both archival and random…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-07-08 S. M. Hossein Tabatabaei Yazdi , Han Mao Kiah , Eva Ruiz Garcia , Jian Ma , Huimin Zhao , Olgica Milenkovic

In this paper, we study error exponents for a concatataned coding based class of DNA storage codes in which the number of reads performed can be variable. That is, the decoder can sequentially perform reads and choose whether to output the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yan Hao Ling , Nir Weinberger , Jonathan Scarlett

Over the past years, the ever-growing trend on data storage demand, more specifically for "cold" data (rarely accessed data), has motivated research for alternative systems of data storage. Because of its biochemical characteristics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Xavier Pic , Marc Antonini

We consider error-correcting coding for DNA-based storage. We model the DNA storage channel as a multi-draw IDS channel where the input data is chunked into $M$ short DNA strands, which are copied a random number of times, and the channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Lorenz Welter , Issam Maarouf , Andreas Lenz , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

In this paper, we consider a concatenated coding based class of DNA storage codes in which the selected molecules are constrained to be taken from an ``inner'' codebook associated with the sequencing channel. This codebook is used in a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yan Hao Ling , Jonathan Scarlett

Labeling of DNA molecules is a fundamental technique for DNA visualization and analysis. This process was mathematically modeled in [1], where the received sequence indicates the positions of the used labels. In this work, we develop error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Dganit Hanania , Eitan Yaakobi

As a medium for cold data storage, DNA stands out as it promises significant gains in storage capacity and lifetime. However, it comes with its own data processing challenges to overcome. Constrained codes over the DNA alphabet…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Canberk İrimağzı , Ahmed Hareedy

Over the past years, the ever-growing trend on data storage demand, more specifically for "cold" data (rarely accessed data), has motivated research for alternative systems of data storage. Because of its biochemical characteristics,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-23 Xavier Pic , Eva Gil San Antonio , Melpomeni Dimopoulou , Marc Antonini

DNA has emerged as a promising alternative for long-term data storage due to its high capacity, durability, and low-energy potential. However, storing data in DNA presents several challenges. First, it requires complex and costly…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-20 Sara Al Sayyed , Aline Roumy , Thomas Maugey

Over the past years, the ever-growing trend on data storage demand, more specifically for "cold" data (i.e. rarely accessed), has motivated research for alternative systems of data storage. Because of its biochemical characteristics,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Xavier Pic , Melpomeni Dimopoulou , Eva Gil San Antonio , Marc Antonini

The ability to store data in the DNA of a living organism has applications in a variety of areas including synthetic biology and watermarking of patented genetically-modified organisms. Data stored in this medium is subject to errors…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Siddharth Jain , Farzad Farnoud , Moshe Schwartz , Jehoshua Bruck

We study the amount of reliable information that can be stored in a DNA-based storage system with noisy sequencing, where each codeword is composed of short DNA molecules. We analyze a concatenated coding scheme, where the outer code is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ran Tamir , Nir Weinberger , Albert Guillén i Fàbregas

Due to its higher data density, longevity, energy efficiency, and ease of generating copies, DNA is considered a promising storage technology for satisfying future needs. However, a diverse set of errors including deletions, insertions,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Yuanyuan Tang , Shuche Wang , Hao Lou , Ryan Gabrys , Farzad Farnoud

The problem of storing large amounts of information safely for a long period of time has become essential. One of the most promising new data storage mediums are the polymer-based data storage systems, like the DNA-storage system. These…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Ville Junnila , Tero Laihonen , Tuomo Lehtilä

The synthesis of DNA strands remains the most costly part of the DNA storage system. Thus, to make DNA storage system more practical, the time and materials used in the synthesis process have to be optimized. We consider the most common…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Johan Chrisnata , Han Mao Kiah , Van Long Phuoc Pham

Synthetic DNA can in principle be used for the archival storage of arbitrary data. Because errors are introduced during DNA synthesis, storage, and sequencing, an error-correcting code (ECC) is necessary for error-free recovery of the data.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-05 William H. Press , John A. Hawkins

Over the past years, the ever-growing trend on data storage demand, more specifically for "cold" data (i.e. rarely accessed), has motivated research for alternative systems of data storage. Because of its biochemical characteristics,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Xavier Pic , Eva Gil San Antonio , Melpomeni Dimopoulou , Marc Antonini

Synthetic polymer-based storage seems to be a particularly promising candidate that could help to cope with the ever-increasing demand for archival storage requirements. It involves designing molecules of distinct masses to represent the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Anisha Banerjee , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi