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Differential privacy is a precise mathematical constraint meant to ensure privacy of individual pieces of information in a database even while queries are being answered about the aggregate. Intuitively, one must come to terms with what…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-15 Paul Cuff , Lanqing Yu

Designing privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms has received great attention in recent years, especially in the setting when the data contains sensitive information. Differential privacy (DP) is a widely used mechanism for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chunyang Liao , Deanna Needell , Hayden Schaeffer , Alexander Xue

We review the use of differential privacy (DP) for privacy protection in machine learning (ML). We show that, driven by the aim of preserving the accuracy of the learned models, DP-based ML implementations are so loose that they do not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Alberto Blanco-Justicia , David Sanchez , Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Krishnamurty Muralidhar

In differentially private (DP) machine learning, the privacy guarantees of DP mechanisms are often reported and compared on the basis of a single $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-pair. This practice overlooks that DP guarantees can vary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Georgios Kaissis , Stefan Kolek , Borja Balle , Jamie Hayes , Daniel Rueckert

Differential privacy allows bounding the influence that training data records have on a machine learning model. To use differential privacy in machine learning, data scientists must choose privacy parameters $(\epsilon,\delta)$. Choosing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Daniel Bernau , Günther Eibl , Philip W. Grassal , Hannah Keller , Florian Kerschbaum

We describe Bayesian inference for the parameters of Gaussian models of bounded data protected by differential privacy. Using this setting, we demonstrate that analysts can and should take constraints imposed by the bounds into account when…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-18 Zeki Kazan , Jerome P. Reiter

Differential privacy is a mathematical framework for developing statistical computations with provable guarantees of privacy and accuracy. In contrast to the privacy component of differential privacy, which has a clear mathematical and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Gilles Barthe , Rohit Chadha , Paul Krogmeier , A. Prasad Sistla , Mahesh Viswanathan

Differential privacy (DP) is a widely used notion for reasoning about privacy when publishing aggregate data. In this paper, we observe that certain DP mechanisms are amenable to a posteriori privacy analysis that exploits the fact that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Valentin Hartmann , Vincent Bindschaedler , Alexander Bentkamp , Robert West

Differentially private (DP) mechanisms protect individual-level information by introducing randomness into the statistical analysis procedure. Despite the availability of numerous DP tools, there remains a lack of general techniques for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-25 Zhanyu Wang , Guang Cheng , Jordan Awan

The standard definition of differential privacy (DP) ensures that a mechanism's output distribution on adjacent datasets is indistinguishable. However, real-world implementations of DP can, and often do, reveal information through their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zachary Ratliff , Salil Vadhan

Differential Privacy (DP) provides strong guarantees on the risk of compromising a user's data in statistical learning applications, though these strong protections make learning challenging and may be too stringent for some use cases. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Hilal Asi , John Duchi , Omid Javidbakht

We present a comprehensive view of the relations among several privacy notions: differential privacy (DP) [1], Bayesian differential privacy (BDP) [2], semantic privacy (SP) [3], and membership privacy (MP) [4]. The results are organized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Jun Zhao

For evolving datasets with continual reports, the composition rule for differential privacy (DP) dictates that the scale of DP noise must grow linearly with the number of the queries, or that the privacy budget must be split equally between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Farhad Farokhi

Differential privacy protects an individual's privacy by perturbing data on an aggregated level (DP) or individual level (LDP). We report four online human-subject experiments investigating the effects of using different approaches to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Aiping Xiong , Tianhao Wang , Ninghui Li , Somesh Jha

Differential privacy is a recent notion of privacy for statistical databases that provides rigorous, meaningful confidentiality guarantees, even in the presence of an attacker with access to arbitrary side information. We show that for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-09-30 Adam Smith

This paper studies how to achieve individual indistinguishability by pufferfish privacy in aggregated query to a multi-user system. It is assumed that each user reports realization of a random variable. We study how to calibrate Laplace…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ni Ding , Songpei Lu , Wenjing Yang , Zijian Zhang

Data-dependent privacy accounting frameworks such as per-instance differential privacy (pDP) and Fisher information loss (FIL) confer fine-grained privacy guarantees for individuals in a fixed training dataset. These guarantees can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shengyuan Hu , Saeed Mahloujifar , Virginia Smith , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Chuan Guo

Differential Privacy (DP) is a mathematical framework for releasing information with formal privacy guarantees. While numerous DP procedures have been developed for statistical analysis and machine learning, valid statistical inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Ruyu Zhou , Fang Liu

The objective of differential privacy (DP) is to protect privacy by producing an output distribution that is indistinguishable between any two neighboring databases. However, traditional differentially private mechanisms tend to produce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Kai Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , Ruoxi Sun , Pei-Wei Tsai , Muneeb Ul Hassan , Xin Yuan , Minhui Xue , Jinjun Chen

Learning a privacy-preserving model from sensitive data which are distributed across multiple devices is an increasingly important problem. The problem is often formulated in the federated learning context, with the aim of learning a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Mikko A. Heikkilä , Matthew Ashman , Siddharth Swaroop , Richard E. Turner , Antti Honkela
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