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Open systems with gain and loss, described by non-trace-preserving, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, have been a subject of intense research recently. The effect of exceptional-point degeneracies on the dynamics of classical systems has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-01 M. Naghiloo , M. Abbasi , Yogesh N. Joglekar , K. W. Murch

Exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian degeneracies where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, giving rise to unusual physical effects across scientific disciplines. The concept of EPs has recently been extended to nonlinear physical…

Exceptional points (EPs) are singularities in the spectra of non-Hermitian operators, where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. Recently, open quantum systems have been increasingly explored as EP testbeds due to their natural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Jhen-Dong Lin , Po-Chen Kuo , Neill Lambert , Adam Miranowicz , Franco Nori , Yueh-Nan Chen

Exceptional points (EPs), indicative of parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking, play a central role in non-Hermitian physics, yet most studies begin from deliberately engineered effective Hamiltonians whose parameters are tuned to exhibit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Eric R. Bittner , Bhavay Tyagi , Kevin E. Bassler

Exceptional points, where two or more eigenstates of a non-Hermitian system coalesce, are now of interest across many fields of physics, from the perspective of open-system dynamics, sensing, nonreciprocal transport, and topological phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Aritra Ghosh , M. Bhattacharya

The requirement for Hermiticity in quantum mechanics ensures the reality of energies, while the parity-time symmetry offers an alternative route to achieve this goal. Interestingly, in a three-level system, the parity-time symmetry-breaking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Y. -Y. Chen , K. Li , L. Zhang , Y. -K. Wu , J. -Y. Ma , H. -X. Yang , C. Zhang , B. -X. Qi , Z. -C. Zhou , P. -Y. Hou , Y. Xu , L. -M. Duan

Non-Hermitian systems and their topological singularities, such as exceptional points (EPs), lines, and surfaces, have recently attracted intense interest. The investigation of these exceptional constituents has led to fruitful…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-08 Liang Fang , Kai Bai , Cheng Guo , Tian-Rui Liu , Jia-Zheng Li , Meng Xiao

Recently, presence of hidden singularities known as exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian quantum systems has opened up a tremendous interest in different domains of physics owing to their unique unconventional physical effects.…

Optics · Physics 2016-03-08 Arnab Laha , Somnath Ghosh

Diagonalization of the effective Hamiltonian describing an open quantum system is the usual method of tracking its exceptional points. Although, such a method is successful for tracking EPs in Markovian systems, it may be problematic in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-22 G. Mouloudakis , P. Lambropoulos

The appearance of topological singularities, namely exceptional points (EPs) is an intriguing feature of parameter-dependent open quantum or wave systems. EPs are the special type of nonHermitian degeneracies where two (or more) eigenstates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-18 Sayan Bhattacherjee , Arnab Laha , Somnath Ghosh

Eigenstate coalescence in non-Hermitian systems is widely observed in diverse scientific domains encompassing optics and open quantum systems. Recent investigations have revealed that adiabatic encircling of exceptional points (EPs) leads…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Jung-Wan Ryu , Jae-Ho Han , Chang-Hwan Yi , Moon Jip Park , Hee Chul Park

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies of non-Hermitian operators where, in addition to the eigenvalues, corresponding eigenmodes become degenerate. Classical and quantum photonic systems with EPs have attracted tremendous attention due…

Exceptional points (EPs), which arose early from non-Hermitian physics, significantly amplify the system's response to minor perturbations, and they act as a useful concept to enhance measurement in metrology. In particular, such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Minwei Shi , Guzhi Bao , Jinxian Guo , Weiping Zhang

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracy of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, at which the eigenvalues, along with their eigenvectors, coalesce. Their orders are given by the Jordan decomposition. Here, we focus on higher-order EPs arising in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Kang Yang , Ipsita Mandal

We investigate spectral singularities in an alkali-metal atomic vapor modeled using four and effectively three hyperfine states. By comparing the eigenvalue spectra of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (NHH) and a Liouvillian superoperator, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Marek Kopciuch , Adam Miranowicz

We study exceptional points (EPs) of a nonhermitian Hamiltonian $\hat{H}(\lambda,\delta)$ whose parameters $\lambda \in {\mathbb C}$ and $\delta \in {\mathbb R}$. As the real control parameter $\delta$ is varied, the $k$-th EP (or $k$-th…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Milan Šindelka , Pavel Stránský , Pavel Cejnar

Exceptional points (EPs) are exotic degeneracies of non-Hermitian systems, where the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce in parameter space, and these degeneracies are sensitive to tiny perturbations on…

The quantum Mpemba effect (QMPE), an anomalous relaxation phenomenon, has been demonstrated in both closed and open Hermitian quantum systems. While some studies have linked the QMPE to Liouvillian exceptional points--non-Hermitian features…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Wanchen Ma , Junjie Liu

Exceptional points (EP) in non-Hermitian systems have been widely investigated due to their enhanced sensitivity in comparison to standard systems. In this letter, we report the observation of higher-order pseudo-Hermitian degeneracies in…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Ke Yin , Xianglin Hao , Yuangen Huang , Jianlong Zou , Xikui Ma , Tianyu Dong

An exceptional point is a special point in parameter space at which two (or more) eigenvalues and eigenvectors coincide. The discovery of exceptional points within mechanical and optical systems has uncovered peculiar effects in their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 C. A. Downing , V. A. Saroka