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Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) govern non-Hermitian system dynamics through their enriched and sharpened spectral topology, yet the intrinsic topological fragility hinders robust experimental realization. Here, we present a scalable…

One of the important features of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is the existence of a unique type of singularities, the so-called exceptional points (EPs). When the corresponding systems operate around such singularities, they exhibit…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-26 Ioannis Kiorpelidis , Konstantinos G. Makris

The current understanding of the role of topology in non-Hermitian (NH) systems and its far-reaching physical consequences observable in a range of dissipative settings are reviewed. In particular, how the paramount and genuinely NH concept…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Emil J. Bergholtz , Jan Carl Budich , Flore K. Kunst

Exceptional points (EPs), at which both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, are ubiquitous and unique features of non-Hermitian systems. Second-order EPs are by far the most studied due to their abundance, requiring only the tuning of…

Optics · Physics 2023-01-02 Ipsita Mandal , Emil J. Bergholtz

We consider a generalization of the non-Hermitian ${\mathcal PT}$ symmetric Jaynes-Cummings {Hamiltonian, recently introduced for studying optical phenomena with time-dependent physical parameters, that includes environment-induced decay}.…

Standard exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian degeneracies that occur in open systems. At an EP, the Taylor series expansion becomes singular and fails to converge -- a feature that was exploited for several applications. Here, we…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 M. Sakhdari , M. Hajizadegan , Q. Zhong , D. N. Christodoulides , R. El-Ganainy , P. -Y. Chen

Decoherence is strongly influenced by environmental criticality, with conventional Hermitian critical points typically enhancing the loss of quantum coherence. Here, we show that this paradigm is fundamentally altered in non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Mei-Lin Li , Zuo Wang , Liang He

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians enrich quantum physics by extending conventional phase diagrams, enabling novel topological phenomena, and realizing exceptional points with potential applications in quantum sensing. Here, we present an…

We propose a non-singular representation for a non-Hermitian operator even if the parameter space contains exceptional points (EPs), at which the operator cannot be diagonalized and the usual spectral representation ceases to exist. Our…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-02-11 Kazunari Hashimoto , Kazuki Kanki , Hisao Hayakawa , Tomio Petrosky

The most intriguing properties of non-Hermitian systems are found near the exceptional points (EPs) at which the Hamiltonian matrix becomes defective. Due to the complex topological structure of the energy Riemann surfaces close to an EP…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-06-19 Xu-Lin Zhang , Shubo Wang , Bo Hou , C. T. Chan

The aim of the paper is to study the question whether or not equilibrium states exist in open quantum systems that are embedded in at least two environments and are described by a non-Hermitian Hamilton operator $\cal H$. The eigenfunctions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-27 Ingrid Rotter

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a cornerstone for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum systems, linking quantum chaos with statistical mechanics. In this work, we extend the ETH framework to open quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Filippo Ferrari , Vincenzo Savona , Fabrizio Minganti

A numerical algorithm is proposed to explore in a systematic way the trajectories of the eigenvalues of non-Hermitian matrices in the parametric space and exploit this in order to find the locations of defective eigenvalues in the complex…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Benoit Nennig , Emmanuel Perrey-Debain

Exceptional points (EPs), arising in non-Hermitian systems, have garnered significant attention in recent years, enabling advancements in sensing, wave manipulation, and mode selectivity. However, their role in quantum systems, particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Chenghe Yu , Mingsheng Tian , Ningxin Kong , Matteo Fadel , Xinyao Huang , Qiongyi He

To characterize the generic behavior of open quantum systems, we consider random, purely dissipative Liouvillians with a notion of locality. We find that the positivity of the map implies a sharp separation of the relaxation timescales…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-03-18 Kevin Wang , Francesco Piazza , David J. Luitz

Non-Hermitian physics has emerged as a rich field of study, with applications ranging from $PT$-symmetry breaking and skin effects to non-Hermitian topological phase transitions. Yet most studies remain restricted to small-scale or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Yukun Zhang , Wenhao He , Xiao Yuan

Characterization of near-term quantum computing platforms requires the ability to capture and quantify dissipative effects. This is an inherently challenging task, as these effects are multifaceted, spanning a broad spectrum from Markovian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Diogo Aguiar , Kristian Wold , Sergey Denisov , Pedro Ribeiro

The physics of topological singularities, namely exceptional points (EPs), has been a key to wide range of intriguing and unique physical effects in non-Hermitian systems. In this context, the mutual interactions among four coupled states…

Optics · Physics 2020-01-01 Sayan Bhattacherjee , Harsh K. Gandhi , Arnab Laha , Somnath Ghosh

Exceptional points, the spectral degeneracy points in the complex parameter space, are fundamental to non-Hermitian quantum systems. The dynamics of non-Hermitian systems in the presence of exceptional points differ significantly from those…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Chon-Fai Kam , Yang Chen

Motivated by the recent growing interest in the field of $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric Hamiltonian systems we theoretically study the emergency of singularities called Exceptional Points ($\textit{EP}$s) in the eigenspectrum of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Grigory A. Starkov , Mikhail V. Fistul , Ilya M. Eremin
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