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We reveal a one-class homophily phenomenon, which is one prevalent property we find empirically in real-world graph anomaly detection (GAD) datasets, i.e., normal nodes tend to have strong connection/affinity with each other, while the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hezhe Qiao , Guansong Pang

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) has attracted growing interest for its crucial ability to uncover irregular patterns in broad applications. Semi-supervised GAD, which assumes a subset of annotated normal nodes available during training, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guolei Zeng , Hezhe Qiao , Guoguo Ai , Jinsong Guo , Guansong Pang

Anomaly detection (AD) is a crucial machine learning task that aims to learn patterns from a set of normal training samples to identify abnormal samples in test data. Most existing AD studies assume that the training and test data are drawn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tri Cao , Jiawen Zhu , Guansong Pang

In recent years, graph anomaly detection has found extensive applications in various domains such as social, financial, and communication networks. However, anomalies in graph-structured data present unique challenges, including label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yuxuan Cao , Jiarong Xu , Chen Zhao , Jiaan Wang , Carl Yang , Chunping Wang , Yang Yang

Dynamic graph anomaly detection (DGAD) is essential for identifying anomalies in evolving graphs across domains such as finance, traffic, and social networks. Recently, generalist graph anomaly detection (GAD) models have shown promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jialun Zheng , Jie Liu , Jiannong Cao , Xiao Wang , Hanchen Yang , Yankai Chen , Philip S. Yu

Unsupervised graph-level anomaly detection (UGAD) has attracted increasing interest due to its widespread application. In recent studies, knowledge distillation-based methods have been widely used in unsupervised anomaly detection to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rui Cao , Shijie Xue , Jindong Li , Qi Wang , Yi Chang

This paper considers an important Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) task, namely open-set GAD, which aims to train a detection model using a small number of normal and anomaly nodes (referred to as seen anomalies) to detect both seen anomalies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Qizhou Wang , Guansong Pang , Mahsa Salehi , Xiaokun Xia , Christopher Leckie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing node classification tasks. However, the effectiveness of traditional GNNs degrades on heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes often belong to different labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Asela Hevapathige , Asiri Wijesinghe , Ahad N. Zehmakan

Anomaly detection is a critical task in cybersecurity, where identifying insider threats, access violations, and coordinated attacks is essential for ensuring system resilience. Graph-based approaches have become increasingly important for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Laura Jiang , Reza Ryan , Qian Li , Nasim Ferdosian

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely applied for graph anomaly detection. As one of the key components for GNN design is to select a tailored spectral filter, we take the first step towards analyzing anomalies via the lens of the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Jianheng Tang , Jiajin Li , Ziqi Gao , Jia Li

Graph-based fraud detection (GFD) can be regarded as a challenging semi-supervised node binary classification task. In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNN) have been widely applied to GFD, characterizing the anomalous possibility of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Fan Xu , Nan Wang , Hao Wu , Xuezhi Wen , Xibin Zhao , Hai Wan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been broadly applied in many urban applications upon formulating a city as an urban graph whose nodes are urban objects like regions or points of interest. Recently, a few enhanced GNN architectures have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Congxi Xiao , Jingbo Zhou , Jizhou Huang , Tong Xu , Hui Xiong

Cross-domain graph anomaly detection (CD-GAD) describes the problem of detecting anomalous nodes in an unlabelled target graph using auxiliary, related source graphs with labelled anomalous and normal nodes. Although it presents a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Qizhou Wang , Guansong Pang , Mahsa Salehi , Wray Buntine , Christopher Leckie

Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) is crucial for identifying abnormal entities within networks, garnering significant attention across various fields. Traditional unsupervised methods, which decode encoded latent representations of unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jinghan Li , Yuan Gao , Jinda Lu , Junfeng Fang , Congcong Wen , Hui Lin , Xiang Wang

Graph anomaly detection (GAD), which aims to detect outliers in graph-structured data, has received increasing research attention recently. However, existing GAD methods assume identical training and testing distributions, which is rarely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junjun Pan , Yixin Liu , Chuan Zhou , Fei Xiong , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Shirui Pan

Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) in heterogeneous networks presents unique challenges due to node and edge heterogeneity. Existing Graph Neural Network (GNN) methods primarily focus on homogeneous GAD and thus fail to address three key issues:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiping Li , Xiangyu Dong , Xingyi Zhang , Kun Xie , Yuanhao Feng , Bo Wang , Guilin Li , Wuxiong Zeng , Xiujun Shu , Sibo Wang

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) aims to identify anomalous graphs that significantly deviate from other ones, which has raised growing attention due to the broad existence and complexity of graph-structured data in many real-world scenarios.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jinyu Cai , Yunhe Zhang , Zhoumin Lu , Wenzhong Guo , See-kiong Ng

A graph-based sampling and consensus (GraphSAC) approach is introduced to effectively detect anomalous nodes in large-scale graphs. Existing approaches rely on connectivity and attributes of all nodes to assign an anomaly score per node.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Dimitris Berberidis , Georgios B. Giannakis

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable success in graph representation learning. Unfortunately, current weight assignment schemes in standard GNNs, such as the calculation based on node degrees or pair-wise representations, can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Junfu Wang , Yuanfang Guo , Liang Yang , Yunhong Wang

There is growing interest in applying graph-based methods to Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD), particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), as they naturally model dependencies among multivariate signals. GNNs are typically used as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Federico Bello , Gonzalo Chiarlone , Marcelo Fiori , Gastón García González , Federico Larroca