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Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) provide explicit interpretations for deep neural networks through concepts and allow intervention with concepts to adjust final predictions. Existing CBMs assume concepts are conditionally independent given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Haotian Xu , Tsui-Wei Weng , Lam M. Nguyen , Tengfei Ma

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs), which predict human-interpretable concepts (e.g., nucleus shapes in cell images) before predicting the final output (e.g., cell type), provide insights into the decision-making processes of the model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Winnie Pang , Xueyi Ke , Satoshi Tsutsui , Bihan Wen

Existing methods, such as concept bottleneck models (CBMs), have been successful in providing concept-based interpretations for black-box deep learning models. They typically work by predicting concepts given the input and then predicting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xinyue Xu , Yi Qin , Lu Mi , Hao Wang , Xiaomeng Li

Concept bottleneck models (CBM) aim to improve model interpretability by predicting human level "concepts" in a bottleneck within a deep learning model architecture. However, how the predicted concepts are used in predicting the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Matthew Shen , Aliyah Hsu , Abhineet Agarwal , Bin Yu

Black-box deep neural networks excel in text classification, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBM), an intrinsically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Josh Magnus Ludan , Qing Lyu , Yue Yang , Liam Dugan , Mark Yatskar , Chris Callison-Burch

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have emerged as a promising interpretable method whose final prediction is based on intermediate, human-understandable concepts rather than the raw input. Through time-consuming manual interventions, a user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Moritz Vandenhirtz , Sonia Laguna , Ričards Marcinkevičs , Julia E. Vogt

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) improve neural network interpretability by introducing an intermediate layer that maps human-understandable concepts to predictions. Recent work has explored the use of vision-language models (VLMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xingbo Du , Qiantong Dou , Lei Fan , Rui Zhang

Concept-based explanation methods, such as concept bottleneck models (CBMs), aim to improve the interpretability of machine learning models by linking their decisions to human-understandable concepts, under the critical assumption that such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Halil Ibrahim Aysel , Xiaohao Cai , Adam Prugel-Bennett

The integration of vision-language models such as CLIP and Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offers a promising approach to explaining deep neural network (DNN) decisions using concepts understandable by humans, addressing the black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Townim F. Chowdhury , Vu Minh Hieu Phan , Kewen Liao , Minh-Son To , Yutong Xie , Anton van den Hengel , Johan W. Verjans , Zhibin Liao

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are machine learning models that improve interpretability by grounding their predictions on human-understandable concepts, allowing for targeted interventions in their decision-making process. However, when…

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have emerged as a prominent paradigm for interpretable deep learning, learning by grounding predictions in human-understandable concepts. However, their practical deployment is hindered by the high cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ziye Chen , Hongbin Lin , Jie Li , Lijie Hu

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) provide a basis for semantic abstractions within a neural network architecture. Such models have primarily been seen through the lens of interpretability so far, wherein they offer transparency by inferring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Deepika SN Vemuri , Gautham Bellamkonda , Aditya Pola , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

The design of interpretable deep learning models working in relational domains poses an open challenge: interpretable deep learning methods, such as Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), are not designed to solve relational problems, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Gabriele Ciravegna , Michelangelo Diligenti , Giuseppe Marra

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) improve the explainability of black-box Deep Learning (DL) by introducing intermediate semantic concepts. However, standard CBMs often overlook domain-specific relationships and causal mechanisms, and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Reza M. Asiyabi , SEOSAW Partnership , Steven Hancock , Casey Ryan

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have garnered much attention for their ability to elucidate the prediction process through a human-understandable concept layer. However, most previous studies focused on static scenarios where the data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Hongbin Lin , Chenyang Ren , Juangui Xu , Zhengyu Hu , Cheng-Long Wang , Yao Shu , Hui Xiong , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), which break down the reasoning process into the input-to-concept mapping and the concept-to-label prediction, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable interpretability achieved by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Qihan Huang , Jie Song , Jingwen Hu , Haofei Zhang , Yong Wang , Mingli Song

Deep learning algorithms have recently gained significant attention due to their impressive performance. However, their high complexity and un-interpretable mode of operation hinders their confident deployment in real-world safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Konstantinos P. Panousis , Dino Ienco , Diego Marcos

Machine learning is a vital part of many real-world systems, but several concerns remain about the lack of interpretability, explainability and robustness of black-box AI systems. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) address some of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Hidde Fokkema , Tim van Erven , Sara Magliacane

In the context of image classification, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) first embed images into a set of human-understandable concepts, followed by an intrinsically interpretable classifier that predicts labels based on these intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Haifei Zhang , Patrick Barry , Eduardo Brandao