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Multi-agent systems have demonstrated exceptional performance in downstream tasks beyond diverse single agent baselines. A growing body of work has explored ways to improve their reasoning and collaboration, from vote, debate, to complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yu Yao , Jiayi Dong , Yang Yang , Ju Li , Yilun Du

Though a lot of work in multi-agent systems is focused on reasoning about knowledge and beliefs of artificial agents, an explicit representation and reasoning about the presence/absence of agents, especially in the scenarios where agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Shikha Singh , Deepak Khemani

We introduce the study of sequential information elicitation in strategic multi-agent systems. In an information elicitation setup a center attempts to compute the value of a function based on private information (a-k-a secrets) accessible…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Rann Smorodinsky , Moshe Tennenholtz

In this paper, we address the logic of knowing why, an example of a non-standard epistemic logic dealing with justified knowledge via a new epistemic operator, under the extensions with ideas from dynamic epistemic logic, namely public…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-09-24 Nicholas Pischke

We propose a method to efficiently learn diverse strategies in reinforcement learning for query reformulation in the tasks of document retrieval and question answering. In the proposed framework an agent consists of multiple specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Rodrigo Nogueira , Jannis Bulian , Massimiliano Ciaramita

Autonomous software agents operating in dynamic environments need to constantly reason about actions in pursuit of their goals, while taking into consideration norms which might be imposed on those actions. Normative practical reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Zohreh Shams , Marina De Vos , Julian Padget , Wamberto W. Vasconcelos

We discuss representing and reasoning with knowledge about the time-dependent utility of an agent's actions. Time-dependent utility plays a crucial role in the interaction between computation and action under bounded resources. We present a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Eric J. Horvitz , Geoffrey Rutledge

This manuscript studies actions of communication between epistemic logic agents. It starts by looking into actions through which all/some agents share all their information, defining the model operation that transforms the model, discussing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada

Generative AI agents equate understanding with resolving explicit queries, an assumption that confines interaction to what users can articulate. This assumption breaks down when users themselves lack awareness of what is missing, risky, or…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kirandeep Kaur , Xingda Lyu , Chirag Shah

This paper develops a new approach for estimating an interpretable, relational model of a black-box autonomous agent that can plan and act. Our main contributions are a new paradigm for estimating such models using a minimal query interface…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Pulkit Verma , Shashank Rao Marpally , Siddharth Srivastava

Autonomous agents powered by LLMs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) are proficient consumers of digital content but remain unidirectional, a limitation we term epistemic asymmetry. This isolation leads to redundant reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zan-Kai Chong , Hiroyuki Ohsaki , Bryan Ng

In this paper, we extend previous work on distributed reasoning using Contextual Defeasible Logic (CDL), which enables decentralised distributed reasoning based on a distributed knowledge base, such that the knowledge from different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Helio H. L. C. Monte-Alto , Mariela Morveli-Espinoza , Cesar A. Tacla

Large language models have been used to simulate human society using multi-agent systems. Most current social simulation research emphasizes interactive behaviors in fixed environments, ignoring information opacity, relationship…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yiwen Zhang , Yifu Wu , Wenyue Hua , Xiang Lu , Xuming Hu

Users often formulate their search queries with immature language without well-developed keywords and complete structures. Such queries fail to express their true information needs and raise ambiguity as fragmental language often yield…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Zhenduo Wang , Qingyao Ai

In recent years, a new class of models for multi-agent epistemic logic has emerged, based on simplicial complexes. Since then, many variants of these simplicial models have been investigated, giving rise to different logics and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Eric Goubault , Roman Kniazev , Jérémy Ledent , Sergio Rajsbaum

Models of economic decision makers often include idealized assumptions, such as rationality, perfect foresight, and access to all relevant pieces of information. These assumptions often assure the models' internal validity, but, at the same…

General Economics · Economics 2021-07-09 Patrick Reinwald , Stephan Leitner , Friederike Wall

Reinforcement learning (RL) with outcome-based rewards has achieved significant success in training large language model (LLM) agents for complex reasoning tasks. However, in active reasoning where agents need to strategically ask questions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Deyu Zou , Yongqiang Chen , Fan Feng , Mufei Li , Pan Li , Yu Gong , James Cheng

We consider the issue of multiple agents learning to communicate through reinforcement learning within partially observable environments, with a focus on information asymmetry in the second part of our work. We provide a review of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mohamed Salah Zaïem , Etienne Bennequin

In various computational systems, accessing information incurs time, memory or energy costs. However, standard epistemic logics usually model the acquisition of evidence as a cost-free process, which restricts their applicability in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ondrej Majer , Krishna Manoorkar , Wolfgang Poiger , Igor Sedlár

Intelligent Agents act in open and thus risky environments, hence making the appropriate decision about who to trust in order to interact with, could be a challenging process. As intelligent agents are gradually enriched with Semantic Web…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Kalliopi Kravari , Nick Bassiliades