Related papers: Sum of two squares in biquadratic fields

We show that the problem to decide whether two (convex) polytopes, given by their vertex-facet incidences, are combinatorially isomorphic is graph isomorphism complete, even for simple or simplicial polytopes. On the other hand, we give a…

We prove sum formulas for double polylogarithms of Hurwitz type, that is, involving a shifting parameter $b$ in the denominator. These formulas especially imply well-known sum formulas for double zeta values, and sum formulas for double…

It is shown that the sum of squares by Yates's method of weighted squares of means is equivalent to numerator sums of squares formulated by other methods. These relations are established first for hypotheses about fixed effects in a general…

We propose an algorithm for determining the irreducible polynomials over finite fields, based on the use of the companion matrix of polynomials and the generalized Jordan normal form of square matrices.

We obtain a new bound on certain double sums of multiplicative characters improving the range of several previous results. This improvement comes from new bounds on the number of collinear triples in finite fields, which is a classical…

Let F be a perfect field. Then the diagonal quadratic form $a_iX_i^2$ over $F$ is universal over $M_2(F)$ if and only if atleast two of the $a_i$ are non-zero.

This is the first in a series of three papers dealing with sums of squares and hypoellipticity in the infinite regime. We give a sharp sufficient condition on a smooth nonnegative function f on n-dimensional Euclidean space so that it can…

We refine and extend quantitative bounds, on the fraction of nonnegative polynomials that are sums of squares, to the multihomogenous case.

We study the complexity of multiplication of two elements in a finite field extension given by their coordinates in a normal basis. We show how to control this complexity using the arithmetic and geometry of algebraic curves.

In this article, we introduce a new object, a virtual quadratic space, and its group of isometries. They are presented as natural generalizations of quadratic spaces and orthogonal groups. It is then shown that by replacing quadratic spaces…

We produce implicit equations for general biquadratic (order 2x2) B\'ezier triangle and quadrilateral surface patches and provide function evaluation code, using modern computing resources to exploit old algebraic construction techniques.

For a fixed integer N, and fixed numbers b_1,...,b_N, we consider sequences, the nth term (a_n) of which is the sum of the squares of the terms in the expansion of (b_1 + ... + b_N)^n. In the case all b_i=1, we give a formula for a…

We introduce the concept of disjunctive sum of squares for certifying nonnegativity of polynomials. Unlike the popular sum of squares approach where nonnegativity is certified by a single algebraic identity, the disjunctive sum of squares…

In this paper we describe a methodology for the identification of symmetric quadrature rules inside of quadrilaterals, triangles, tetrahedra, prisms, pyramids, and hexahedra. The methodology is free from manual intervention and is capable…

A procedure that generates parallelograms from any quadrilateral is presented. If the original quadrilateral is itself a parallelogram, then the procedure gives squares. Hence, when applied two times, this procedure generates squares from…

The goal of this survey is to introduce all the necessary concepts and theorems to provide a rigorous and self-contained proof of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity and see how this is a useful tool to obtain results such as the problem of…

We prove that every endomorphism of an infinite-dimensional vector space splits as the sum of four idempotents and as the sum of four square-zero endomorphisms, a result that is optimal in general.

Inspired by the fact that the sum of the cubes of the first $n$ naturals is equal to the square of their sum, we explore, for each $n$, the Diophantine equation representing all non-trivial sets of $n$ integers with this property. We find…

A slip on a paper concerning near-vector spaces is fixed. New characterization of near-vector spaces determined by finite fields is provided and the number (up to the isomorphism) of these spaces is exhibited.

We derive a new bound for some bilinear sums over points of an elliptic curve over a finite field. We use this bound to improve a series of previous results on various exponential sums and some arithmetic problems involving points on…