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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education is a recent development, with chatbots emerging as a noteworthy addition to this transformative landscape. As online learning platforms rapidly advance, students need to adapt…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Md Rabiul Hasan , Nahian Ismail Chowdhury , Md Hadisur Rahman , Md Asif Bin Syed , JuHyeong Ryu

For an interactive agent, such as task-oriented spoken dialog systems or chatbots, measuring and adapting to Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) is critical in order to understand user perception of an agent's behavior and increase user engagement…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-31 Yelin Kim , Joshua Levy , Yang Liu

In this paper, we explore the problem of developing personalized chatbots. A personalized chatbot is designed as a digital chatting assistant for a user. The key characteristic of a personalized chatbot is that it should have a consistent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Hongjin Qian , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Yueyuan Ma , Ji-Rong Wen

In the evolving landscape of digital education, chatbots have emerged as potential game-changers, promising personalized and adaptive learning experiences. This research undertook an in-depth exploration of ChatGPT's potential as an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Holger Arndt

The development of electronic commerce is characterized with anonymity, uncertainty, lack of control and potential opportunism. Therefore, the success of electronic commerce significantly depends on providing security and privacy for its…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2009-09-08 Yi Yi Thaw , Ahmad Kamil Mahmood , P. Dhanapal Durai Dominic

Chatbots are used in many applications, e.g., automated agents, smart home assistants, interactive characters in online games, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure they do not behave in undesired manners, providing offensive or toxic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Jeremy Blackburn , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gianluca Stringhini , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

Effective feature representations play a critical role in enhancing the performance of text generation models that rely on deep neural networks. However, current approaches suffer from several drawbacks, such as the inability to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Omama Hamad , Ali Hamdi , Khaled Shaban

There is growing concern that AI chatbots might fuel delusional beliefs in users. Some have suggested that humans and chatbots mutually reinforce false beliefs over time, but quantitative evidence is lacking. Using a unique dataset of chat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ashish Mehta , Jared Moore , Jacy Reese Anthis , William Agnew , Eric Lin , Peggy Yin , Desmond C. Ong , Nick Haber , Carol Dweck

The use of large language model (LLM)-based AI chatbots among college students has increased rapidly, yet little is known about how individual psychological attributes shape students' interaction patterns with these technologies. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziqi Lin , Taiyu Hou

Moral judgements form the foundation of human social behavior and societal systems. While Artificial Intelligence chatbots increasingly serve as personal advisors, their influence on moral judgments remains largely unexplored. Here, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yue Teng , Qianer Zhong , Kim Mai Tich Nguyen Thordsen , Christian Montag , Benjamin Becker

As governments increasingly adopt digital tools, public service chatbots have emerged as a growing communication channel. This paper explores the design considerations and engagement opportunities of public service chatbots, using a 311…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jieyu Zhou , Rui Shen , Yue You , Carl DiSalvo , Lynn Dombrowski , Christopher MacLellan

As the wide adoption of intelligent chatbot in human daily life, user demands for such systems evolve from basic task-solving conversations to more casual and friend-like communication. To meet the user needs and build emotional bond with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Danning Zheng , Ruihua Song , Tianran Hu , Hao Fu , Jin Zhou

As generative AI chatbots become more personalized and emotionally responsive, they increasingly serve as companions, friends, and romantic partners. Yet these relationships are accompanied by significant uncertainty: users question the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Renwen Zhang , Lezi Xie

Existing English-teaching chatbots rarely incorporate empathy explicitly in their feedback, but empathetic feedback could help keep students engaged and reduce learner anxiety. Toward this end, we propose the task of negative emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Li Siyan , Teresa Shao , Zhou Yu , Julia Hirschberg

This paper explores the efficacy of online versus offline evaluation methods in assessing conversational chatbots, specifically comparing first-party direct interactions with third-party observational assessments. By extending a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Ekaterina Svikhnushina , Pearl Pu

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are increasingly more realistic and capable of dynamic conversations. In online surveys, anthropomorphic agents could help address issues like careless responding and satisficing, which originate from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Matus Krajcovic , Peter Demcak , Eduard Kuric

Most chatbot literature that focuses on improving the fluency and coherence of a chatbot, is dedicated to making chatbots more human-like. However, very little work delves into what really separates humans from chatbots -- humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Hsuan Su , Jiun-Hao Jhan , Fan-yun Sun , Saurav Sahay , Hung-yi Lee

There are mostly two approaches to tackle trust management worldwide Strong and crisp and Soft and Social. We analyze the impact of integrated trust mechanism in three different e-commerce services. The trust aspect is a dormant element…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Siddiqui Muhammad Yasir , Hyunsik Ahn

A recent trend in the domain of open-domain conversational agents is enabling them to converse empathetically to emotional prompts. Current approaches either follow an end-to-end approach or condition the responses on similar emotion labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

This study investigates the development and assessment of an artificial human designed as a conversational AI chatbot, focusing on its role as a clinical psychologist. The project involved creating a specialized chatbot using the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Birger Moell