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The evolving landscape of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to improve the interpretability of intricate machine learning (ML) models, yet faces challenges in formalisation and empirical validation, being an inherently…

Soccer is undeniably the most popular sport world-wide and everyone from general managers and coaching staff to fans and media are interested in evaluating players' performance. Metrics applied successfully in other sports, such as the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-04 Konstantinos Pelechrinis , Wayne Winston

We propose a novel mixture-of-experts class to optimize computer vision models in accordance with data transfer limitations at test time. Our approach postulates that the minimum acceptable amount of data allowing for highly-accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Alhabib Abbas , Yiannis Andreopoulos

Given a monocular video of a soccer match, this paper presents a computational model to estimate the most feasible pass at any given time. The method leverages offensive player's orientation (plus their location) and opponents' spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Adrià Arbués-Sangüesa , Adrián Martín , Javier Fernández , Coloma Ballester , Gloria Haro

Interpreting and assessing goal driven actions is vital to understanding and reasoning over complex events. It is important to be able to acquire the knowledge needed for this understanding, though doing so is challenging. We argue that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Sai Vallurupalli , Katrin Erk , Francis Ferraro

Recent advances in computer vision have made significant progress in tracking and pose estimation of sports players. However, there have been fewer studies on behavior prediction with pose estimation in sports, in particular, the prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Jiale Fang , Calvin Yeung , Keisuke Fujii

In this paper, we present a new application-focused benchmark dataset and results from a set of baseline Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning models for prediction of match outcomes for games of football (soccer). By doing so we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Ryan Beal , Stuart E. Middleton , Timothy J. Norman , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn

Recent advances in machine learning have led to growing interest in Explainable AI (xAI) to enable humans to gain insight into the decision-making of machine learning models. Despite this recent interest, the utility of xAI techniques has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Rohan Paleja , Muyleng Ghuy , Nadun Ranawaka Arachchige , Reed Jensen , Matthew Gombolay

Goals are results of pin-point shots and it is a pivotal decision in soccer when, how and where to shoot. The main contribution of this study is two-fold. At first, after showing that there exists high spatial correlation in the data of…

Applications · Statistics 2021-04-08 Soudeep Deb , Debangan Dey

With an average football (soccer) match recording over 3,000 on-ball events, effective use of this event data is essential for practitioners at football clubs to obtain meaningful insights. Models can extract more information from this…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-13 Koen W. van Arem , Jakob Söhl , Mirjam Bruinsma , Geurt Jongbloed

Football (soccer) is a sport that is characterised by complex game play, where players perform a variety of actions, such as passes, shots, tackles, fouls, in order to score goals, and ultimately win matches. Accurately forecasting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Michael Horton , Patrick Lucey

Understanding the factors that shape students' mathematics performance is vital for designing effective educational policies. This study applies explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to PISA 2018 data to predict math…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Liu Liu , Rui Dai

Aim-assist cheats are the most prevalent and infamous form of cheating in First-Person Shooter (FPS) games, which help cheaters illegally reveal the opponent's location and auto-aim and shoot, and thereby pose significant threats to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiayi Zhang , Chenxin Sun , Chenxiong Qian

The availability of massive data about sports activities offers nowadays the opportunity to quantify the relation between performance and success. In this study, we analyze more than 6,000 games and 10 million events in six European leagues…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-17 Luca Pappalardo , Paolo Cintia

Although machine learning (ML)-based performance outcome prediction is an important topic in contemporary sports science, one important issue is the limited understanding of the cross-individual generalizability of ML models in sports…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ryota Takamido , Chiharu Suzuki , Hiroki Nakamoto

Accurate prediction of FIFA World Cup match outcomes holds significant value for analysts, coaches, bettors, and fans. This paper presents a machine learning framework specifically designed to forecast match winners in FIFA World Cup. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ali Al-Bustami , Zaid Ghazal

The latest research in expertise assessment of soccer players has affirmed the importance of perceptual skills (especially for decision making) by focusing either on high experimental control or on a realistic presentation. To assess the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Benedikt Hosp , Florian Schultz , Oliver Höner , Enkelejda Kasneci

In soccer, game context can result in skewing offensive statistics in ways that might misrepresent how well a team has played. For instance, in England's 1-2 loss to France in the 2022 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal, England attempted…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-07 Andrey Skripnikov , Ahmet Cemek , David Gillman

Traditionally, most of football statistical and media coverage has been focused almost exclusively on goals and (ocassionally) shots. However, most of the duration of a football game is spent away from the boxes, passing the ball around.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-26 Javier López Peña , Raúl Sánchez Navarro

We consider the task of determining a football player's ability for a given event type, for example, scoring a goal. We propose an interpretable Bayesian model which is fit using variational inference methods. We implement a Poisson model…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-24 Gavin A. Whitaker , Ricardo Silva , Daniel Edwards , Ioannis Kosmidis