English
Related papers

Related papers: Biases in Expected Goals Models Confound Finishing…

200 papers

This paper develops a general framework for stochastic modeling of goals and other events in football (soccer) matches. The events are modelled as Cox processes (doubly stochastic Poisson processes) where the event intensities may depend on…

The use of statistical methods in sport analytics has gained a rapidly growing interest over the last decade, and nowadays is common practice. In particular, the interest in understanding and predicting an athlete's performance throughout…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-21 Patric Dolmeta , Raffaele Argiento , Silvia Montagna

Soccer attracts the attention of many researchers and professionals in the sports industry. Therefore, the incorporation of science into the sport is constantly growing, with increasing investments in performance analysis and sports…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Eduardo Alves Baratela , Felipe Jordão Xavier , Thomas Peron , Paulino Ribeiro Villas-Boas , Francisco Aparecido Rodrigues

The non-scientific event of a soccer match is analysed on a strictly scientific level. The analysis is based on the recently introduced concept of a team fitness (Eur. Phys. J. B 67, 445, 2009) and requires the use of finite-size scaling. A…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-03-03 Andreas Heuer , Christian Mueller , Oliver Rubner

The field of AI alignment is concerned with AI systems that pursue unintended goals. One commonly studied mechanism by which an unintended goal might arise is specification gaming, in which the designer-provided specification is flawed in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Rohin Shah , Vikrant Varma , Ramana Kumar , Mary Phuong , Victoria Krakovna , Jonathan Uesato , Zac Kenton

Expected points is a value function fundamental to player evaluation and strategic in-game decision-making across sports analytics, particularly in American football. To estimate expected points, football analysts use machine learning…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-10 Ryan S. Brill , Ryan Yee , Sameer K. Deshpande , Abraham J. Wyner

Defensive organization is critical in soccer, particularly during negative transitions when teams are most vulnerable. The back-four defensive line plays a decisive role in preventing goal-scoring opportunities, yet its collective…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Soujanya Dash , Kenjiro Ide , Rikuhei Umemoto , Kai Amino , Keisuke Fujii

An increasing ubiquity of machine learning (ML) motivates research on algorithms to explain ML models and their predictions -- so-called eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Despite many survey papers and discussions, the goals and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Moritz Renftle , Holger Trittenbach , Michael Poznic , Reinhard Heil

Goalkeeper (GK) is an expert in soccer and goalkeeping is a complete professional job. In fact, achieving success seems impossible without a reliable GK. His effect in successes and failures is more dominant than other players. The most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-26 Mohammad Bazmara , Shahram Jafari , Fatemeh Pasand

Sports analytics -- broadly defined as the pursuit of improvement in athletic performance through the analysis of data -- has expanded its footprint both in the professional sports industry and in academia over the past 30 years. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2023-01-11 Benjamin S. Baumer , Gregory J. Matthews , Quang Nguyen

Evaluating a soccer player's performance can be challenging due to the high costs and small margins involved in recruitment decisions. Raw observational statistics further complicate an accurate individual skill assessment as they do not…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-10 Alexandre Andorra , Maximilian Göbel

In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the prediction of association football. Due to this, several studies have proposed different types of statistical models to predict the outcome of a football match. However, most existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-11 Roberto Macrì-Demartino , Leonardo Egidi , Nicola Torelli

Injuries have a great impact on professional soccer, due to their large influence on team performance and the considerable costs of rehabilitation for players. Existing studies in the literature provide just a preliminary understanding of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Alessio Rossi , Luca Pappalardo , Paolo Cintia , Marcello Iaia , Javier Fernandez , Daniel Medina

Traditional approaches to measuring visual exploratory behavior in soccer rely on counting visual exploratory actions (VEAs) based on rapid head movements exceeding 125{\deg}/s, but this method suffer from player position bias (i.e., a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Joris Bekkers

This paper considers the use of observed and predicted match statistics as inputs to forecasts of the outcomes of football matches. It is shown that, were it possible to know the match statistics in advance, highly informative forecasts of…

Applications · Statistics 2020-01-27 Edward Wheatcroft

In-game win probability models, which provide a sports team's likelihood of winning at each point in a game based on historical observations, are becoming increasingly popular. In baseball, basketball and American football, they have become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Pieter Robberechts , Jan Van Haaren , Jesse Davis

Action spotting in soccer videos is the task of identifying the specific time when a certain key action of the game occurs. Lately, it has received a large amount of attention and powerful methods have been introduced. Action spotting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Alejandro Cartas , Coloma Ballester , Gloria Haro

Deep learning models have reached or surpassed human-level performance in the field of medical imaging, especially in disease diagnosis using chest x-rays. However, prior work has found that such classifiers can exhibit biases in the form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Haoran Zhang , Natalie Dullerud , Karsten Roth , Lauren Oakden-Rayner , Stephen Robert Pfohl , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Current implementations of Gradient Boosting Machines are mostly designed for single-target regression tasks and commonly assume independence between responses when used in multivariate settings. As such, these models are not well suited if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Alexander März

Unsupervised pretraining has driven empirical advances in goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL), but its theoretical foundations remain poorly understood. In particular, an influential class of methods, mutual information skill…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Alireza Modirshanechi , Benjamin Eysenbach , Peter Dayan , Eric Schulz