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The c_2 invariant, defined by Schnetz in 2011, is an arithmetic graph invariant created towards a better understanding of Feynman integrals. This paper looks at some graph families of interest, with a focus on decompleted toroidal grids.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Wesley Chorney , Karen Yeats

A new complete invariant for acyclic graphs is presented

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-08-10 A. Prolubnikov

Both a general and a diagonal u-invariant for forms of higher degree are defined, generalizing the u-invariant of quadratic forms. Both old and new results on these invariants are collected.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Pumpluen

The $c_2$-invariant is an arithmetic graph invariant useful for understanding Feynman periods. Brown and Schnetz conjectured that the $c_2$-invariant has a particular symmetry known as completion invariance. This paper will prove completion…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-16 Simone Hu , Karen Yeats

The $c_2$ invariant is an arithmetic graph invariant introduced by Schnetz and developed by Brown and Schnetz in order to better understand Feynman integrals. This document looks at the special case where the graph in question is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-01 Karen Yeats

A virtual doodle is an equivalence class of virtual diagrams under an equivalence relation generated by flat version of classical Reidemesiter moves and virtual Reidemsiter moves such that Reidemeister moves of type 3 are forbidden. In this…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-09-13 Andrew Bartholomew , Roger Fenn , Naoko Kamada , Seiichi Kamada

The knot coloring polynomial defined by Eisermann for a finite pointed group is generalized to an infinite pointed group as the longitudinal mapping invariant of a knot. In turn this can be thought of as a generalization of the quandle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-02-27 W. Edwin Clark , Masahico Saito

Conformally invariant functionals on the space of knots are introduced via extrinsic conformal geometry of the knot and integral geometry on the space of spheres. Our functionals are expressed in terms of a complex-valued 2-form which can…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-21 R. Langevin , J. O'Hara

We introduce a novel class of rotation invariants of two dimensional curves based on iterated integrals. The invariants we present are in some sense complete and we describe an algorithm to calculate them, giving explicit computations up to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-05-30 Joscha Diehl

To a singular knot K with n double points, one can associate a chord diagram with n chords. A chord diagram can also be understood as a 4-regular graph endowed with an oriented Euler circuit. L. Traldi introduced a polynomial invariant for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Alexander Dunaykin , Vyacheslav Zhukov

In this paper, we characterize and study dynamical properties of cubic vector fields on the sphere $\mathbb{S}^2 = \{(x, y, z) \in \mathbb{R}^3 ~|~ x^2+y^2+z^2 = 1\}$. We start by classifying all degree three polynomial vector fields on…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Joji Benny , Supriyo Jana , Soumen Sarkar

The flow semigroup, introduced by John Rhodes, is an invariant for digraphs and a complete invariant for graphs. After collecting together previous partial results, we refine and prove Rhodes's conjecture on the structure of the maximal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Gábor Horváth , Chrystopher L. Nehaniv , Károly Podoski

The Tutte polynomial is a well-studied invariant of graphs and matroids. We first extend the Tutte polynomial from graphs to hypergraphs, and more generally from matroids to polymatroids, as a two-variable polynomial. Our definition is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Olivier Bernardi , Tamas Kalman , Alex Postnikov

New invariants for 2-dimensional cell complexes are defined, which can be interpreted as curvature bounds. These invariants are proved to be rational and computable in a companion article. This document is a survey that collects theorems…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-16 Henry Wilton

We define the notion of an invariant function on a cluster ensemble with respect to an action of the cluster modular group on its associated function fields. We realize many examples of previously studied functions as elements of this type…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-01-08 Dani Kaufman

We determine the number of nonequivalent chord diagrams of order $n$ under the action of two groups, $C_{2n}$, a cyclic group of order $2n$, and $D_{2n}$, a dihedral group of order $4n$. Asymptotic formulas are also established.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khruzin

Quandle 2-cocycles define invariants of classical and virtual knots, and extensions of quandles. We show that the quandle 2-cocycle invariant with respect to a non-trivial $2$-cocycle is constant, or takes some other restricted form, for…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-22 W. Edwin Clark , Masahico Saito

Consider complex semisimple Lie algebras of a given dimension specified by their structure constants. We describe a finite collection of rational functions in the structure constants that form a complete set of invariants: two sets of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vijay Kodiyalam , K. N. Raghavan

In this paper, the theory of functions of one complex variable is explored to study linearly full unramified holomorphic two-spheres with constant curvature in $G(2,n)$ satisfying that the generated harmonic sequence degenerates at position…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Jie Fei , Ling He

In the present paper, we introduce the concept of universal graph series. We then present four invariants of graphs and discuss some of their properties. In particular, one of these invariants is a generalization of the chromatic symmetric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Tsuyoshi Miezaki , Akihiro Munemasa , Yusaku Nishimura , Tadashi Sakuma , Shuhei Tsujie