Related papers: Progress and Challenges in Small Systems
Relativistic heavy ion collisions produce thousands of particles, and it is sometimes difficult to believe that these processes allow for a theoretical description directly in terms of the underlying theory - QCD. However once the parton…
This talk is a brief summary of some theoretical issues in the field of hot and dense QCD matter and ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Hypernuclei, nuclei containing one or more hyperons, serve as unique laboratories for probing the non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Recent progress in hypernuclear physics, driven by advanced experimental techniques and…
A selection of experimental results in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions after five years of operation of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) is presented. Emphasis is put on measurements that provide direct information on…
These days, as high energy particle colliders become unavailable for testing speculative theoretical ideas, physicists are looking to other environments that may provide extreme conditions where theory confronts physical reality. One such…
To deepen the search for beyond the Standard Model physics, the Large Hadron Collider is pushing to higher and higher luminosity. At high luminosity, precision physics becomes increasingly difficult due to contamination from additional…
Relativistic heavy ion physics studies the phenomena that occur when a very large (in units of QCD scale $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}$) amount of energy is deposited into a large (in units of $\Lambda^{-3}_{\rm QCD}$) volume, creating an extended in…
A brief summary of the physics of low-dimensional quantum systems is given. The material should be accessible to advanced physics undergraduate students. References to recent review articles and books are provided when possible.
We review several facets of the hydrodynamic description of the relativistic heavy ion collisions, starting from the historical motivation to the present understandings of the observed collective aspects of experimental data, especially…
We briefly review advances in understanding the initial stages of a heavy ion collision. In particular the focus is on moving from parametrizing the initial state to calculating its properties from QCD, consistently with the description of…
Measurements of multi-particle correlations in the collisions of small systems such as $p+p$, $p/d/^3He+A$ show striking similarity to the observations in heavy ion collisions. A number of observables measured in the high multiplicity…
There are currently several proposals to build a high-luminosity electron-ion collider, to study the spin structure of matter and measure parton densities in heavy nuclei, and to search for gluon saturation and new phenomena like the…
Vortex states of photons, electrons, and other particles are non--plane-wave solutions of the corresponding wave equation with helicoidal wave fronts. These states possess an intrinsic orbital angular momentum with respect to the average…
I outline experimental results on heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for a non-technical audience. This includes: elliptic flow and nearly ideal hydrodynamics; the suppression of hard particles and the ratio R_AA;…
Quantum features of the baryon number fluctuations in subsystems of a hot and dense relativistic gas of fermions are analyzed. We find that the fluctuations in small systems are significantly increased compared to their values known from…
I review the current status of lattice Monte-Carlo computations of the equation of state of QCD, our current understanding of the thermalization process at collider energies, and two new theoretical developments, one pertaining to the…
We briefly overview motivations, some recent results and challenges in studying light nuclei production in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
A discussion is presented of results with identified particles at the Large Hadron Collider. Possible deviations from the standard statistical distributions are investigated by considering in detail results obtained using the Tsallis…
Recent developments in the study of hard QCD processes at colliders are reviewed, in the context of the imminent startup of the LHC.
At very high energies, the high parton densities (characterized by a semi-hard saturation scale \Lambda_s) ensure that parton distributions can be described by a classical effective field theory with remarkable properties analogous to those…