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Understanding the emergence of cooperation in social networks has advanced through pairwise interactions, but the corresponding theory for group-based public goods games (PGGs) remains less explored. Here, we provide theoretical conditions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Chaoqian Wang , Qi Su

The tragedy of the commons illustrates a fundamental social dilemma where individual rational actions lead to collectively undesired outcomes, threatening the sustainability of shared resources. Strategies to escape this dilemma, however,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Arend Hintze , Christoph Adami

The development of cooperative relations within and between firms plays an important role in the successful implementation of business strategy. How to produce such relations is less well understood. We build on work in relational contract…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-07 Dan Ladley , Ian Wilkinson , Louise Young

We study the evolution of cooperation in public goods games on the square lattice, focusing on the effects that are brought about by different sizes of groups where individuals collect their payoffs and search for potential strategy donors.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-12-14 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

We consider a stochastic game of contribution to the common good in which the players have continuous control over the degree of contribution, and we examine the gradualism arising from the free rider effect. This game belongs to the class…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-14 H. Dharma Kwon

Collective intelligence emerges across biological, physical, and artificial systems without central coordination, yet a unifying principle governing such behaviour remains elusive. The Free Energy Principle explains how individual agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Djamel Bouchaffra , Faycal Ykhlef , Mustapha Lebbah , Hanane Azzag

Collective motion is ubiquitous in nature; groups of animals, such as fish, birds, and ungulates appear to move as a whole, exhibiting a rich behavioral repertoire that ranges from directed movement to milling to disordered swarming.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-05-15 Conor Heins , Beren Millidge , Lancelot da Costa , Richard Mann , Karl Friston , Iain Couzin

Large language models demonstrate strong problem-solving abilities through reasoning techniques such as chain-of-thought prompting and reflection. However, it remains unclear whether these reasoning capabilities extend to a form of social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yuxuan Li , Hirokazu Shirado

Community organization permeates both social and biological complex systems. To study its interplay with behavior emergence, we model mobile structured populations with multiplayer interactions. We derive general analytical methods for…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-28 Diogo L. Pires , Mark Broom

Reputation and punishment are significant guidelines for regulating individual behavior in human society, and those with a good reputation are more likely to be imitated by others. In addition, society imposes varying degrees of punishment…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Gui Zhang , Yichao Yao , Ziyan Zeng , Minyu Feng , Manuel Chica

Previous research has highlighted the importance of strong heterogeneity for the successful evolution of cooperation in games governed by pairwise interactions. Here we determine to what extent this is true for games governed by group…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-12-21 Matjaz Perc

In many social dilemmas, individuals tend to generate a situation with low payoffs instead of a system optimum ("tragedy of the commons"). Is the routing of traffic a similar problem? In order to address this question, we present…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Helbing , Martin Schonhof , Hans-Ulrich Stark , Janusz A. Holyst

Situations where people have to decide between hurting themselves or another person are at the core of many individual and global conflicts. Yet little is known about how people behave when facing these situations in the lab. Here we report…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-12-23 Valerio Capraro

We describe a Bayesian model for social learning of a random variable in which agents might observe each other over a directed network. The outcomes produced are compared to those from a model in which observations occur randomly over a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-07-03 Stan Palasek

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, understanding their cooperation and social mechanisms is becoming increasingly important. In particular, how LLMs balance self-interest and collective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 David Guzman Piedrahita , Yongjin Yang , Mrinmaya Sachan , Giorgia Ramponi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

This paper proposes a mathematical model for the coevolution of actions and opinions for a population facing a social dilemma. In particular, we assume each person participates in a Public Goods Game (PGG), with their action being to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Ella C. Davidson , Lorenzo Zino , Ming Cao , Mengbin Ye

We examine behavior in an experimental collaboration game that incorporates endogenous network formation. The environment is modeled as a generalization of the voluntary contributions mechanism. By varying the information structure in a…

General Economics · Economics 2024-04-17 Philip Solimine , Luke Boosey

Monitoring with implicated punishment is common in human societies to avert freeriding on common goods. But is it effective in promoting public cooperation? We show that the introduction of monitoring and implicated punishment is indeed…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-11-20 Xiaojie Chen , Tatsuya Sasaki , Matjaz Perc

Purpose: We propose a model to present a possible mechanism for obtaining sizeable behavioural structures by simulating an agent based on the evolutionary public good game with available social learning. Methods: The model considered a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Chulwook Park

A greedy personality is usually accompanied by arrogance and confidence. This work investigates the cooperation success condition in the context of biased payoff allocation and self-confidence. The first component allows the organizer in a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-28 Chaoqian Wang , Wenqiang Zhu , Attila Szolnoki