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The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Today's high-performance architectures are increasingly constrained by data movement latency and energy overhead, as the slowdown of single-core performance scaling coincides with the rise of highly data-intensive workloads. In-memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Farzad Razi , Mehran Moghadam , Sercan Aygun , M. Hassan Najafi , Marc Riedel

Accelerating finite automata processing is critical for advancing real-time analytic in pattern matching, data mining, bioinformatics, intrusion detection, and machine learning. Recent in-memory automata accelerators leveraging SRAMs and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Yi Huang , Zhiyu Chen , Dai Li , Kaiyuan Yang

Recent advances in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have led to active development of specialized DNN accelerators, many of which feature a large number of processing elements laid out spatially, together with a multi-level memory hierarchy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Qijing Huang , Minwoo Kang , Grace Dinh , Thomas Norell , Aravind Kalaiah , James Demmel , John Wawrzynek , Yakun Sophia Shao

Chiplet-based integration enables large-scale systems that combine diverse technologies, enabling higher yield, lower costs, and scalability, making them well-suited to AI workloads. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Alish Kanani , Lukas Pfromm , Harsh Sharma , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Partha Pratim Pande , Umit Y. Ogras

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures bring computation closer to data, reducing the processor-memory transfer bottleneck in traditional processor-centric designs. Novel hardware solutions, such as UPMEM's in-memory processing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Peterson Yuhala , Mpoki Mwaisela , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Combinatorial optimization (CO) underpins applications in science and engineering, ranging from logistics to electronic design automation. A classic example is the NP-complete Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Finding exact solutions for…

Compute-in-memory (CIM) presents an attractive approach for energy-efficient computing in data-intensive applications. However, the development of suitable memory designs to achieve high-performance CIM remains a challenging task. Here, we…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yuhao Shu , Hongtu Zhang , Hao Sun , Mengru Zhang , Wenfeng Zhao , Qi Deng , Zhidong Tang , Yumeng Yuan , Yongqi Hu , Yu Gu , Xufeng Kou , Yajun Ha

Hybrid main memory systems combine both performance and capacity advantages from heterogeneous memory technologies. With larger capacities, higher associativities, and finer granularities, hybrid memory systems currently exhibit significant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yiwei Li , Boyu Tian , Mingyu Gao

Compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a pivotal direction for accelerating workloads in the field of machine learning, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, the effective exploitation of sparsity in CIM systems presents numerous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yingjie Qi , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Cenlin Duan , Xiaolin He , Ziyan He , Weitao Pan , Weisheng Zhao

The current computer architecture has moved towards the multi/many-core structure. However, the algorithms in the current sequential dense numerical linear algebra libraries (e.g. LAPACK) do not parallelize well on multi/many-core…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-03-14 Henricus Bouwmeester

Compute-In-Memory (CIM) systems, particularly those utilizing ReRAM and memristive technologies, offer a promising path toward energy-efficient neural network computation. However, conventional quantization and compression techniques often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guan-Cheng Chen , Chieh-Lin Tsai , Pei-Hsuan Tsai , Yuan-Hao Chang

While deep neural network (DNN)-based video denoising has demonstrated significant performance, deploying state-of-the-art models on edge devices remains challenging due to stringent real-time and energy efficiency requirements.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shan Gao , Zhiqiang Wu , Yawen Niu , Xiaotao Li , Qingqing Xu

In-memory computing (IMC) offloads parts of the computations to memory to fulfill the performance and energy demands of applications such as neuromorphic computing, machine learning, and image processing. Fortunately, the main features that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Amir M. Hajisadeghi , Hamid R. Zarandi , Mahmoud Momtazpour

Emerging multi-model workloads with heavy models like recent large language models significantly increased the compute and memory demands on hardware. To address such increasing demands, designing a scalable hardware architecture became a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mohanad Odema , Luke Chen , Hyoukjun Kwon , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Training machine learning algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from costly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

The currently dominant AI/ML workloads, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), rely on the efficient execution of General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) operations. Thus, most systems are equipped with dedicated matrix hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Luigi Altamura , Alessio Cicero , Mateo Vázquez Maceiras , Mohammad Ali Maleki , Pedro Trancoso

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have spotlighted the pressing need for computing architectures that bridge the gap between memory bandwidth and processing power. The advent of deep neural networks has pushed traditional Von Neumann…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Febin Sunny , Amin Shafiee , Abhishek Balasubramaniam , Mahdi Nikdast , Sudeep Pasricha

Computing-in-memory (CiM) is a promising technique to achieve high energy efficiency in data-intensive matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) by relieving the memory bottleneck. Unfortunately, due to the limited SRAM capacity, existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Yiming Chen , Guodong Yin , Zhanhong Tan , Mingyen Lee , Zekun Yang , Yongpan Liu , Huazhong Yang , Kaisheng Ma , Xueqing Li

Many modern workloads such as neural network inference and graph processing are fundamentally memory-bound. For such workloads, data movement between memory and CPU cores imposes a significant overhead in terms of both latency and energy. A…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Ivan Fernandez , Christina Giannoula , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Onur Mutlu