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The successive cancellation list decoder (SCL) is an efficient decoder for classical polar codes with low decoding error, approximating the maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for small list sizes. Here we adapt the SCL to the task of decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

Quantum information needs to be protected by quantum error-correcting codes due to imperfect physical devices and operations. One would like to have an efficient and high-performance decoding procedure for the class of quantum stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

Good quantum error-correcting codes that fulfill practical considerations, such as simple encoding circuits and efficient decoders, are essential for functional quantum information processing systems. Quantum polar codes satisfy some of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Keita Hidaka , Dina Abdelhadi , Ruediger Urbanke

We combine two approaches to optimize the iterative decoding of product codes with precoded polar component codes. On one side, we generate bitwise soft messages based on the codebook probability, an approximation of an auxiliary quantity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Nicolás Alvarez Prado , Andreas Straßhofer

Polar codes with memory (PCM) are proposed in this paper: a pair of consecutive code blocks containing a controlled number of mutual information bits. The shared mutual information bits of the succeeded block can help the failed block to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Wenyue Zhou , Qiang Liu , Yifei Shen , Xiaofeng Zhou , Chuan Zhang , Yaohua Xu , Liping Li

Polar encoding, described by Arikan in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 55, No. 7, July 2009, was a milestone for telecommunications. A Polar code distributes information among high and low-capacity channels, showing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Geraldo A. Barbosa

Polar codes are a family of capacity-achieving codes that have explicit and low-complexity construction, encoding, and decoding algorithms. Decoding of polar codes is based on the successive-cancellation decoder, which decodes in a bit-…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Boaz Shuval , Ido Tal

Polar codes are newly discovered capacity-achieving codes, which have attracted lots of research efforts. Polar codes can be efficiently decoded by the low-complexity successive cancelation (SC) algorithm and the SC list (SCL) decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Jun Lin , Chenrong Xiong , Zhiyuan Yan

Decoding sparse quantum codes can be accomplished by syndrome-based decoding using a belief propagation (BP) algorithm.We significantly improve this decoding scheme by developing a new feedback adjustment strategy for the standard BP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-25 Yun-Jiang Wang , Barry C. Sanders , Bao-Ming Bai , Xin-Mei Wang

Polar codes are an exciting new class of error correcting codes that achieve the symmetric capacity of memoryless channels. Many decoding algorithms were developed and implemented, addressing various application requirements: from…

Conventional decoding algorithms for polar codes strive to balance achievable performance and computational complexity in classical computing. While maximum likelihood (ML) decoding guarantees optimal performance, its NP-hard nature makes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-08 Shintaro Fujiwara , Naoki Ishikawa

Known strategies for sending bits at the capacity rate over a general channel with classical input and quantum output (a cq channel) require the decoder to implement impractically complicated collective measurements. Here, we show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-09 Mark M. Wilde , Olivier Landon-Cardinal , Patrick Hayden

Polar codes are a family of capacity-achieving error-correcting codes, and they have been selected as part of the next generation wireless communication standard. Each polar code bit-channel is assigned a reliability value, used to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Carlo Condo , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Warren J. Gross

The training complexity of deep learning-based channel decoders scales exponentially with the codebook size and therefore with the number of information bits. Thus, neural network decoding (NND) is currently only feasible for very short…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Sebastian Cammerer , Tobias Gruber , Jakob Hoydis , Stephan ten Brink

We consider the fundamental protocol of dense coding of classical information assuming that noise affects both the forward and backward communication lines between Alice and Bob. Assuming that this noise is described by the same quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-13 Riccardo Laurenza , Cosmo Lupo , Seth Lloyd , Stefano Pirandola

Polar coding, introduced 2008 by Arikan, is the first (very) efficiently encodable and decodable coding scheme whose information transmission rate provably achieves the Shannon bound for classical discrete memoryless channels in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-17 Joseph M. Renes , Frederic Dupuis , Renato Renner

We propose a new family of polar coding which realizes high coding gain, low complexity, and high throughput by introducing a protograph-based design. The proposed technique called as quasi-cyclic (QC) polar codes can be highly parallelized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Ye Wang

We propose a belief propagation list (BPL) decoder with comparable performance to the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder of polar codes, which already achieves the maximum likelihood (ML) bound of polar codes for sufficiently large…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Ahmed Elkelesh , Moustafa Ebada , Sebastian Cammerer , Stephan ten Brink

Belief-propagation (BP) decoders play a vital role in modern coding theory, but they are not suitable to decode quantum error-correcting codes because of a unique quantum feature called error degeneracy. Inspired by an exact mapping between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Ye-Hua Liu , David Poulin

We address the problem of decoding sparse quantum error correction codes. For Pauli channels, this task can be accomplished by a version of the belief propagation algorithm used for decoding sparse classical codes. Quantum codes pose two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-16 David Poulin , Yeojin Chung