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Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. The domination polynomial of $G$ is the polynomial $D(G, x)=\sum_{i=1}^n d(G,i) x^i$, where $d(G,i)$ is the number of dominating sets of $G$ of size $i$. The $n$-barbell graph $Bar_n$ with $2n$…

It is observed that the conjugacy growth series of the infinite fini-tary symmetric group with respect to the generating set of transpositions is the generating series of the partition function. Other conjugacy growth series are computed,…

A curve $X$ is said to be of type $(N,\gamma)$ if it is an $N$--sheeted covering of a curve of genus $\gamma$ with at least one totally ramified point. A numerical semigroup $H$ is said to be of type $(N,\gamma)$ if it has $\gamma$ positive…

We introduce the combinatorial notion of a $q$-fatorization graph intended as a tool to study and express results related to the classification of prime simple modules for quantum affine algebras. These are directed graphs equipped with…

To any directed graph we associate an algebra with edges of the graph as generators and with relations defined by all pairs of directed paths with the same origin and terminus. Such algebras are related to factorizations of polynomials over…

In this paper, we prove that the numerical-semigroup-gap counting problem is #NP-complete as a main theorem. A numerical semigroup is an additive semigroup over the set of all nonnegative integers. A gap of a numerical semigroup is defined…

A geometric graph is a graph drawn in the plane so that its vertices and edges are represented by points in general position and straight line segments, respectively. A vertex of a geometric graph is called pointed if it lies outside of the…

This paper develops an invariant--geometric interpretation of the canonization problem for simple undirected weighted graphs based on the {discrete moving frame method} for finite groups. We consider the action of the {pair group}…

Graph neural networks (GNNs), which propagate the node features through the edges and learn how to transform the aggregated features under label supervision, have achieved great success in supervised feature extraction for both node-level…

We prove that every $n$-vertex graph with at least $\binom{n}{2} - (n - 4)$ edges has a fractional triangle decomposition, for $n \ge 7$. This is a key ingredient in our proof, given in a companion paper, that every $n$-vertex $2$-coloured…

A graph is closed when its vertices have a labeling by [n] with a certain property first discovered in the study of binomial edge ideals. In this article, we explore various aspects of closed graphs, including the number of closed labelings…

Finite dynamical systems (FDSs) are commonly used to model systems with a finite number of states that evolve deterministically and at discrete time steps. Considered up to isomorphism, those correspond to functional graphs. As such, FDSs…

We determine all factorisations $X=AB$, where $X$ is a finite almost simple group and $A,B$ are core-free subgroups such that $A\cap B$ is cyclic or dihedral. As a main application, we classify the graphs $\Gamma$ admitting an almost simple…

A subset $S$ of an integral domain is called a semidomain if the pairs $(S,+)$ and $(S\setminus\{0\}, \cdot)$ are commutative and cancellative semigroups with identities. The multiplication of $S$ extends to the group of differences…

A dominating induced matching, also called an efficient edge domination, of a graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n=|V|$ vertices and $m=|E|$ edges is a subset $F \subseteq E$ of edges in the graph such that no two edges in $F$ share a common endpoint…

Let us be given two graphs $\Gamma_1$, $\Gamma_2$ of $n$ vertices. Are they isomorphic? If they are, the set of isomorphisms from $\Gamma_1$ to $\Gamma_2$ can be identified with a coset $H\cdot\pi$ inside the symmetric group on $n$…

With the recent popularity of graphical clustering methods, there has been an increased focus on the information between samples. We show how learning cluster structure using edge features naturally and simultaneously determines the most…

We study almost symmetric numerical semigroups and semigroup rings. We describe a characteristic property of the minimal free resolution of the semigroup ring of an almost symmetric numerical semigroup. For almost symmetric semigroups…

For a fixed graph H with t vertices, an H-factor of a graph G with n vertices, where t divides n, is a collection of vertex disjoint (not necessarily induced) copies of H in G covering all vertices of G. We prove that for a fixed tree T on…

A numerical semigroup $S$ is an additive subsemigroup of the non-negative integers, containing zero, with finite complement. Its multiplicity $m$ is its smallest nonzero element. The Apery set of $S$ is the set $\text{Ap}(S) = \{n \in S :…