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Related papers: Utilizing Layout Effects for Analog Logic Locking

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Semiconductor design companies are integrating proprietary intellectual property (IP) blocks to build custom integrated circuits (IC) and fabricate them in a third-party foundry. Unauthorized IC copies cost these companies billions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Christian Pilato , Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Donatella Sciuto , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

The transistors used to construct Integrated Circuits (ICs) continue to shrink. While this shrinkage improves performance and density, it also reduces trust: the price to build leading-edge fabrication facilities has skyrocketed, forcing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Timothy Trippel , Kang G. Shin , Kevin B. Bush , Matthew Hicks

Semiconductor mode-locked lasers can be used in a variety of applications ranging from multi-carrier sources for WDM communication systems to time base references for metrology. Their packaging in compact chip- or module-level systems…

Due to the globalization of semiconductor manufacturing and test processes, the system-on-a-chip (SoC) designers no longer design the complete SoC and manufacture chips on their own. This outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Ayush Jain , Ziqi Zhou , Ujjwal Guin

In a zero-trust fabless paradigm, designers are increasingly concerned about hardware-based attacks on the semiconductor supply chain. Logic locking is a design-for-trust method that adds extra key-controlled gates in the circuits to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yeganeh Aghamohammadi , Amin Rezaei

The success of quantum circuits in providing reliable outcomes for a given problem depends on the gate count and depth in near-term noisy quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilers that decompose high-level gates to native gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

The era of widespread globalization has led to the emergence of hardware-centric security threats throughout the IC supply chain. Prior defenses like logic locking, layout camouflaging, and split manufacturing have been researched…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Nikhil Rangarajan , Satwik Patnaik , Johann Knechtel , Ramesh Karri , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Shaloo Rakheja

Semiconductor intellectual property (IP) theft incurs hundreds of billions in annual losses, driven by advanced reverse engineering (RE) techniques. Traditional ``cryptic'' IC camouflaging methods typically focus on hiding localized gate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

Neural networks (NNs) are already deployed in hardware today, becoming valuable intellectual property (IP) as many hours are invested in their training and optimization. Therefore, attackers may be interested in copying, reverse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Mahdieh Grailoo , Zain Ul Abideen , Mairo Leier , Samuel Pagliarini

Logic locking proposed to protect integrated circuits from serious hardware threats has been studied extensively over a decade. In these years, many efficient logic locking techniques have been proven to be broken. The state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Levent Aksoy , Muhammad Yasin , Samuel Pagliarini

In this work, we propose LUT-Lock, a novel Look-Up-Table-based netlist obfuscation algorithm, for protecting the intellectual property that is mapped to an FPGA bitstream or an ASIC netlist. We, first, illustrate the effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Hadi Mardani Kamali , Kimia Zamiri Azar , Kris Gaj , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages over classical hardware, but the use of third-party quantum compilers in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era introduces risks of intellectual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Lightweight block ciphers have been widely used in applications such as RFID tags, IoTs, and network sensors. Among them, with comparable parameters, the Light Encryption Device (LED) block cipher achieves the smallest area. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Yuan Yao , Mo Yang , Pantea Kiaei , Patrick Schaumont

The semiconductor industry's paradigm shift towards fabless integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing has introduced security threats, including piracy, counterfeiting, hardware Trojans, and overproduction. In response to these challenges,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Felipe Almeida , Levent Aksoy , Samuel Pagliarini

Chip designers outsource chip fabrication to external foundries, but at the risk of IP theft. Logic locking, a promising solution to mitigate this threat, adds extra logic gates (key gates) and inputs (key bits) to the chip so that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Mohamed El Massad , Jun Zhang , Siddharth Garg , Mahesh V. Tripunitara

Modern semiconductor integrated circuits are increasingly fabricated at untrusted third party foundries. There now exist myriad security threats of malicious tampering at the hardware level and hence a clear and pressing need for new tools…

The design automation of analog circuits is a longstanding challenge in the integrated circuit field. This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning method to expedite the design of analog circuits at the pre-layout stage, where the goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Weidong Cao , Mouhacine Benosman , Xuan Zhang , Rui Ma

Hardware IP protection has been one of the most critical areas of research in the past years. Recently, attacks on hardware IPs (such as reverse engineering or cloning) have evolved as attackers have developed sophisticated techniques.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Abdulrahman Alaql , Swarup Bhunia

The outsourcing of semiconductor manufacturing raises security risks, such as piracy and overproduction of hardware intellectual property. To overcome this challenge, logic locking has emerged to lock a given circuit using additional key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Kevin Lopez , Amin Rezaei

Optimization of quantum circuits using an efficient compiler is key to its success for NISQ computers. Several 3rd party compilers are evolving to offer improved performance for large quantum circuits. These 3rd parties, or just a certain…