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Ensuring safety is a critical challenge in applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to real-world scenarios. Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses this by maximizing returns under predefined constraints, typically formulated as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shiqing Gao , Yihang Zhou , Shuai Shao , Haoyu Luo , Yiheng Bing , Jiaxin Ding , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang

Inference in extreme value theory relies on a limited number of extreme observations, making estimation challenging. To address this limitation, we propose a non-parametric simulation scheme, the multivariate extreme events spectral…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Nisrine Madhar , Juliette Legrand , Maud Thomas

The univariate piecing-together approach (PT) fits a univariate generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) to the upper tail of a given distribution function in a continuous manner. We propose a multivariate extension. First it is shown that an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-09 Stefan Aulbach , Verena Bayer , Michael Falk

Extreme values and the tail behavior of probability distributions are essential for quantifying and mitigating risk in complex systems of all kinds. In multivariate settings, accounting for correlations is crucial. Although extreme value…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-06 Benjamin Köhler , Anton J. Heckens , Thomas Guhr

Modelling excesses over a high threshold using the Pareto or generalized Pareto distribution (PD/GPD) is the most popular approach in extreme value statistics. This method typically requires high thresholds in order for the (G)PD to fit…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-13 Jan Beirlant , Elisabeth Joossens , Johan Segers

An asymptotic model for extreme behavior of certain Markov chains is the "tail chain". Generally taking the form of a multiplicative random walk, it is useful in deriving extremal characteristics such as point process limits. We place this…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-12-30 Sidney I. Resnick , David Zeber

Markov switching models are often used to analyze financial returns because of their ability to capture frequently observed stylized facts. In this paper we consider a multivariate Student-t version of the model as a viable alternative to…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-03-04 Mauro Bernardi , Antonello Maruotti , Lea Petrella

In a wide variety of sequential decision making problems, it can be important to estimate the impact of rare events in order to minimize risk exposure. A popular risk measure is the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), which is commonly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-11 Dylan Troop , Frédéric Godin , Jia Yuan Yu

We define in a probabilistic way a parametric family of multivariate extreme value distributions. We derive its copula, which is a mixture of several complete dependent copulas and total independent copulas, and the bivariate tail…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-03-09 Helena Ferreira

In this paper, we discuss the application of extreme value theory in the context of stationary $\beta$-mixing sequences that belong to the Fr\'echet domain of attraction. In particular, we propose a methodology to construct bias-corrected…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-24 Valérie Chavez-Demoulin , Armelle Guillou

The dominant approaches to text representation in natural language rely on learning embeddings on massive corpora which have convenient properties such as compositionality and distance preservation. In this paper, we develop a novel method…

Mitigating the risk arising from extreme events is a fundamental goal with many applications, such as the modelling of natural disasters, financial crashes, epidemics, and many others. To manage this risk, a vital step is to be able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Siddharth Bhatia , Arjit Jain , Bryan Hooi

Estimating the probabilistic Worst-Case Execution Time (pWCET) is essential for ensuring the timing correctness of real-time applications, such as in robot IoT systems and autonomous driving systems. While methods based on Extreme Value…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Hayate Toba , Atsushi Yano , Takuya Azumi

Identifying directions where extreme events occur is a major challenge in multivariate extreme value analysis. In this paper, we use the concept of sparse regular variation introduced by Meyer and Wintenberger (2021)} to infer the tail…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-09 Nicolas Meyer , Olivier Wintenberger

We introduce a method to estimate simultaneously the tail and the threshold parameters of an extreme value regression model. This standard model finds its use in finance to assess the effect of market variables on extreme loss distributions…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-17 Julien Hambuckers , Marie Kratz , Antoine Usseglio-Carleve

A recent development in extreme value modeling uses the geometry of the dataset to perform inference on the multivariate tail. A key quantity in this inference is the gauge function, whose values define this geometry. Methodology proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-23 Ryan Campbell , Jennifer Wadsworth

Modeling cyber risks has been an important but challenging task in the domain of cyber security. It is mainly because of the high dimensionality and heavy tails of risk patterns. Those obstacles have hindered the development of statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-16 Mingyue Zhang Wu , Jinzhu Luo , Xing Fang , Maochao Xu , Peng Zhao

The completion time for the dissemination (or alternatively, aggregation) of information from all nodes in a network plays a critical role in the design and analysis of communication systems, especially in real time applications for which…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Ron Yadgar , Asaf Cohen , Omer Gurewitz

The extreme value index is a fundamental parameter in univariate Extreme Value Theory (EVT). It captures the tail behavior of a distribution and is central in the extrapolation beyond observed data. Among other semi-parametric methods (such…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Clément Dombry , Ana Ferreira

Extreme events such as natural and economic disasters leave lasting impacts on society and motivate the analysis of extremes from data. While classical statistical tools based on Gaussian distributions focus on average behaviour and can…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-01 Michele Nguyen , Almut E. D. Veraart , Benoit Taisne , Tan Chiou Ting , David Lallemant
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