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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) offer a unified framework for solving both forward and inverse problems of differential equations, yet their performance and physical consistency strongly depend on how governing laws are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Guojie Li , Liu Hong

We propose a novel projection method that guarantees the conservation of integral quantities in Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). While the soft constraint that PINNs use to enforce the structure of partial differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Anthony Baez , Wang Zhang , Ziwen Ma , Lam Nguyen , Subhro Das , Luca Daniel

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [31] use automatic differentiation to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by penalizing the PDE in the loss function at a random set of points in the domain of interest. Here, we develop a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-03 E. Kharazmi , Z. Zhang , G. E. Karniadakis

Numerical methods such as finite element have been flourishing in the past decades for modeling solid mechanics problems via solving governing partial differential equations (PDEs). A salient aspect that distinguishes these numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Chengping Rao , Hao Sun , Yang Liu

This work compares the advantages and limitations of the Finite Difference Method with Physics-Informed Neural Networks, showing where each can best be applied for different problem scenarios. Analysis on the L2 relative error based on…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Batyr Sharimbayev , Shirali Kadyrov , Aleksei Kavokin

In this study, novel physics-informed neural network (PINN) methods for coupling neighboring support points and their derivative terms which are obtained by automatic differentiation (AD), are proposed to allow efficient training with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , My Ha Dao , Yew-Soon Ong

With the advantages of fast calculating speed and high precision, the physics-informed neural network method opens up a new approach for numerically solving nonlinear partial differential equations. Based on conserved quantities, we devise…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-03-14 Shuning Lin , Yong Chen

As a popular and easy-to-implement machine learning method for solving differential equations, the physics-informed neural network (PINN) sometimes may fail and find poor solutions which bias against the exact ones. In this paper, we…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-12-22 Tao Luo , Qixuan Zhou

In this paper, the physics-informed neural networks (PINN) is applied to high-dimensional system to solve the (N+1)-dimensional initial boundary value problem with 2N+1 hyperplane boundaries. This method is used to solve the most classic…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-01-26 Zhengwu Miao , Yong Chen

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) incorporate physical laws into their training to efficiently solve partial differential equations (PDEs) with minimal data. However, PINNs fail to guarantee adherence to conservation laws, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Anthony Baez , Wang Zhang , Ziwen Ma , Subhro Das , Lam M. Nguyen , Luca Daniel

As is well known, differential algebraic equations (DAEs), which are able to describe dynamic changes and underlying constraints, have been widely applied in engineering fields such as fluid dynamics, multi-body dynamics, mechanical systems…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Jiasheng Chen , Juan Tang , Ming Yan , Shuai Lai , Kun Liang , Jianguang Lu , Wenqiang Yang

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

One of main obstacles in verifying the energy dissipation laws of implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta (IERK) methods for phase field equations is to establish the uniform boundedness of stage solutions without the global Lipschitz continuity…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Hong-lin Liao , Tao Tang , Xuping Wang , Tao Zhou

Recent studies have demonstrated the success of deep learning in solving forward and inverse problems in engineering and scientific computing domains, such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). Source inversion problems under sparse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-10 Brenda Anague , Bamdad Hosseini , Issa Karambal , Jean Medard Ngnotchouye

Driven by the need for more efficient and seamless integration of physical models and data, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have seen a surge of interest in recent years. However, ensuring the reliability of their convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sokratis J. Anagnostopoulos , Juan Diego Toscano , Nikolaos Stergiopulos , George Em Karniadakis

This paper introduces a novel approach to solve inverse problems by leveraging deep learning techniques. The objective is to infer unknown parameters that govern a physical system based on observed data. We focus on scenarios where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Sidney Besnard , Frédéric Jurie , Jalal M. Fadili

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an influential method of solving differential equations and estimating their parameters given data. However, since they make use of neural networks, they provide only a point estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lena Podina , Mahdi Torabi Rad , Mohammad Kohandel

Plasma simulation is an important and sometimes only approach to investigating plasma behavior. In this work, we propose two general AI-driven frameworks for low-temperature plasma simulation: Coefficient-Subnet Physics-Informed Neural…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-12-02 Linlin Zhong , Bingyu Wu , Yifan Wang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are gaining popularity as a method for solving differential equations. While being more feasible in some contexts than the classical numerical techniques, PINNs still lack credibility. A remedy for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Olga Graf , Pablo Flores , Pavlos Protopapas , Karim Pichara

We propose a self-supervised physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework that adaptively balances physics-based and data-driven supervision for scientific machine learning under data scarcity. Unlike prior PINNs that rely on fixed or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Reza Pirayeshshirazinezhad