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Related papers: MX: Enhancing RISC-V's Vector ISA for Ultra-Low Ov…

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Fast and energy-efficient low-bitwidth floating-point (FP) arithmetic is essential for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Microscaling (MX) standardized formats have recently emerged as a promising alternative to baseline low-bitwidth FP…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Gamze İslamoğlu , Luca Bertaccini , Arpan Suravi Prasad , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

The acceleration of pruned Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on edge devices such as Microcontrollers (MCUs) is a challenging task, given the tight area- and power-constraints of these devices. In this work, we propose a three-fold contribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Francesco Daghero , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Massimo Poncino , Alessio Burrello

The emerging trend of deploying complex algorithms, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), increasingly poses strict memory and energy efficiency requirements on Internet-of-Things (IoT) end-nodes. Mixed-precision quantization has been…

The deployment of Machine Learning (ML) applications at the edge on resource-constrained devices has accentuated the need for efficient ML processing on low-cost processors. While traditional CPUs provide programming flexibility, their…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Vasileios Titopoulos , George Alexakis , Kosmas Alexandridis , Chrysostomos Nicopoulos , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

Ternary neural networks (TNNs) offer a superior accuracy-energy trade-off compared to binary neural networks. However, until now, they have required specialized accelerators to realize their efficiency potential, which has hindered…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Georg Rutishauser , Joan Mihali , Moritz Scherer , Luca Benini

The ever-growing scale of data parallelism in today's HPC and ML applications presents a big challenge for computing architectures' energy efficiency and performance. Vector processors address the scale-up challenge by decoupling Vector…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Navaneeth Kunhi Purayil , Matteo Perotti , Tim Fischer , Luca Benini

Power ISA(TM) Version 3.1 has introduced a new family of matrix math instructions, collectively known as the Matrix-Multiply Assist (MMA) facility. The instructions in this facility implement numerical linear algebra operations on small…

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a crucial computing kernel with widespread applications in iterative algorithms. Over the past decades, research on SpMV optimization has made remarkable strides, giving rise to various…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Jianhua Gao , Bingjie Liu , Weixing Ji , Hua Huang

To meet the computational requirements of modern workloads under tight energy constraints, general-purpose accelerator architectures have to integrate an ever-increasing number of extremely area- and energy-efficient processing elements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luca Colagrande , Luca Benini

Neural Networks (NNs) have been widely adopted due to their outstanding efficacy and adaptability across computer vision and deep learning applications. The optimization of NNs is necessary to enable their deployment on energy constrained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pragun Jaswal , L. Hemanth Krishna , B. Srinivasu

Iterative solutions of sparse linear systems and sparse eigenvalue problems have a fundamental role in vital fields of scientific research and engineering. The crucial computing kernel for such iterative solutions is the multiplication of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Thaha Mohammed , Rashid Mehmood

Edge AI deployment faces critical challenges balancing computational performance, energy efficiency, and resource constraints. This paper presents FPGA-accelerated RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) extensions for efficient neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arya Parameshwara , Santosh Hanamappa Mokashi

Matrix-multiply-accumulate (MMA) units, or tensor cores, are now widespread across modern computing architectures. Yet, their use for particle-grid operators remains limited. In implicit particle methods, mass-matrix assembly is a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Luca Pennati , Stefano Markidis

Achieving high efficiency with numerical kernels for sparse matrices is of utmost importance, since they are part of many simulation codes and tend to use most of the available compute time and resources. In addition, especially in large…

Performance · Computer Science 2013-05-07 Tobias Scharpff , Klaus Iglberger , Georg Hager , Ulrich Ruede

Tiny machine learning (TinyML) aims to run ML models on small devices and is increasingly favored for its enhanced privacy, reduced latency, and low cost. Recently, the advent of tiny AI accelerators has revolutionized the TinyML field by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Taesik Gong , Fahim Kawsar , Chulhong Min

Deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained IoT devices remains a challenging problem, often requiring hardware modifications tailored to individual AI models. Existing accelerator-generation tools, such as AMD's FINN, do…

We present a novel approach for accelerating convolutions during inference for CPU-based architectures. The most common method of computation involves packing the image into the columns of a matrix (im2col) and performing general matrix…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Amir Ofir , Gil Ben-Artzi

General matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a cornerstone of AI computations, making tensor processing engines (TPEs) increasingly critical in GPUs and domain-specific architectures. Existing architectures primarily optimize dataflow or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Qizhe Wu , Huawen Liang , Yuchen Gui , Zhichen Zeng , Zerong He , Linfeng Tao , Xiaotian Wang , Letian Zhao , Zhaoxi Zeng , Wei Yuan , Wei Wu , Xi Jin

Sparse linear algebra is crucial in many application domains, but challenging to handle efficiently in both software and hardware, with one- and two-sided operand sparsity handled with distinct approaches. In this work, we enhance an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Paul Scheffler , Florian Zaruba , Fabian Schuiki , Torsten Hoefler , Luca Benini

Expanding Deep Learning applications toward edge computing demands architectures capable of delivering high computational performance and efficiency while adhering to tight power and memory constraints. Digital In-Memory Computing (DIMC)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tommaso Spagnolo , Cristina Silvano , Riccardo Massa , Filippo Grillotti , Thomas Boesch , Giuseppe Desoli