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Maximum cut (MaxCut) on graphs is a classic NP-hard problem. In quantum computing, Farhi, Gutmann, and Goldstone proposed the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for solving the MaxCut problem. Its guarantee on cut fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Tongyang Li , Yuexin Su , Ziyi Yang , Shengyu Zhang

We formulate a global-position colored-permutation encoding for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Each of the $K$ vehicles selects a disjoint partial permutation, and the sum of these $K$ color layers forms a full $n\times n$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Chinonso Onah , Kristel Michielsen

Optimizing of a portfolio of financial assets is a critical industrial problem which can be approximately solved using algorithms suitable for quantum processing units (QPUs). We benchmark the success of this approach using the Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Jack S. Baker , Santosh Kumar Radha

The Tail Assignment Problem (TAP) is a critical optimization challenge in airline operations, requiring the optimal assignment of aircraft to scheduled flights to maximize efficiency and minimize costs. To address the TAP, this work applies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Marta Gili , Paul San Sebastian , Ane Blázquez-García

Combinatorial optimization is regarded as a potentially promising application of near and long-term quantum computers. The best-known heuristic quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization on gate-based devices, the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Sami Boulebnane , Ashley Montanaro

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) can require considerable processing time for developers to test and debug their codes on expensive quantum devices. One avenue to circumvent this difficulty is to use the error maps of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Wilson R. M. Rabelo , Sandra D. Prado , Leonardo G. Brunnet

MaxCut is a key NP-Hard combinatorial optimization graph problem with extensive theoretical and industrial applications, including the Ising model and chip design. While quantum computing offers new solutions for such combinatorial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Yovav Tene-Cohen , Tomer Kelman , Ohad Lev , Adi Makmal

Network optimization problems represent large combinatorial search spaces that grow exponentially with network size, making them computationally intensive to solve. This paper addresses the latency-resilient Layer 3 routing optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Maher Harb , Nader Foroughi , Matt Stehman , Bob Lutz , Nati Erez , Erik Garcell

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum heuristic with empirical evidence of speedup over classical state-of-the-art for some problems. QAOA uses a parameterized circuit with $p$ layers, where higher $p$…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term hybrid algorithm intended to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as MaxCut. QAOA can be made to mimic an adiabatic schedule, and in the $p\to\infty$ limit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Jonathan Wurtz , Peter J. Love

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising method of solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum computing. QAOA on the MaxCut problem has been studied extensively on specific families of graphs,…

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. While they have demonstrated considerable promise in solving problems of practical interest, efficiently determining the minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Daniil Rabinovich , Andrey Kardashin , Soumik Adhikary

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general purpose quantum algorithm designed for combinatorial optimization. We analyze its expected performance and prove concentration properties at any constant level (number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Joao Basso , David Gamarnik , Song Mei , Leo Zhou

We explore strategies aimed at reducing the amount of computation, both quantum and classical, required to run the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). First, following Wurtz et al. [Phys.Rev A 104:052419], we consider the…

Gate model quantum computers with too many qubits to be simulated by available classical computers are about to arrive. We present a strategy for programming these devices without error correction or compilation. This means that the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-21 E. Farhi , J. Goldstone , S. Gutmann , H. Neven

Despite its popularity, several empirical and theoretical studies suggest that the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has persistent issues in providing a substantial practical advantage. Numerical results for few qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Gereon Koßmann , Lennart Binkowski , Lauritz van Luijk , Timo Ziegler , René Schwonnek

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (QAOA) have demonstrated a strong potential in addressing graph-based optimization problems. However, the execution of large-scale quantum circuits remains constrained by the limitations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Vicente P. Soloviev , Antonio Márquez Romero , Josh Kirsopp , Michal Krompiec

Variational quantum algorithms offer fascinating prospects for the solution of combinatorial optimization problems using digital quantum computers. However, the achievable performance in such algorithms and the role of quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Gopal Chandra Santra , Fred Jendrzejewski , Philipp Hauke , Daniel J. Egger

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the potential of QAOA to tackle classically intractable problems remains unclear. Here,…

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices are restricted by their limited number of qubits and their short decoherence times. An approach addressing these problems is quantum circuit cutting. It decomposes the execution of a large…