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We present a general framework for modifying quantum approximate optimization algorithms (QAOA) to solve constrained network flow problems. By exploiting an analogy between flow constraints and Gauss's law for electromagnetism, we design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Yuxuan Zhang , Ruizhe Zhang , Andrew C. Potter

Perfect Domination Problem (PDP), a canonical challenge in combinatorial optimization, finds critical applications in real-world systems such as error-correcting codes, wireless communication networks, and social networks. Decades of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Haoqian Pan , Changhong Lu , Yuqing Zheng , Chunxing Yan

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising framework for solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. One such problem is the Minimum Dominating Set (MDS), which is known to be NP-hard.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Guanghui Li , Xiaohui Ni , Junjian Su , Sujuan Qin , Fenzhuo Guo , Bingjie Xu , Wei Huang , Fei Gao

Motivated by the recent advancement of quantum processors, we investigate quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) to employ quasi-maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of classical channel codes. QAOA is a hybrid quantum-classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Toshiki Matsumine , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Ye Wang

We introduce a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for continuous optimization. The algorithm is based on the dynamics of a quantum system moving in an energy potential which encodes the objective function. By approximating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Guillaume Verdon , Juan Miguel Arrazola , Kamil Brádler , Nathan Killoran

An enhanced framework of quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is introduced and the parameter setting strategies are analyzed. The enhanced QAOA is as effective as the QAOA but exhibits greater computing power and flexibility,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Mingyou Wu , Zhihao Liu , Hanwu Chen

We implement two Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) variants for a battery revenue optimisation problem, equivalent to the weakly NP-hard Knapsack Problem. Both approaches investigate how to tackle constrained problems with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Pierre Dupuy de la Grand'rive , Jean-Francois Hullo

Many combinatorial optimization problems admit a maximin fairness variant, where the aim is to find a distribution over possible solutions which maximizes an expected worst-case outcome. However, the support for an optimal distribution may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Bao Bach , Cameron Ibrahim , Reuben Tate , Jad Salem , Stephan Eidenbenz , Ilya Safro

A promising approach to the practical application of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is finding QAOA parameters classically in simulation and sampling the solutions from QAOA with optimized parameters on a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Ruslan Shaydulin , Stefan M. Wild

Approximate combinatorial optimisation has emerged as one of the most promising application areas for quantum computers, particularly those in the near term. In this work, we focus on the quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Nishant Jain , Brian Coyle , Elham Kashefi , Niraj Kumar

Variational algorithm using Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) can solve the prime factorization problem in near-term noisy quantum computers. Conventional Variational Quantum Factoring (VQF) requires a large number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Ling Qiu , Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

The present tutorial aims to provide a comprehensible and easily accessible introduction into the theory and implementation of the famous Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). We lay our focus on practical aspects and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Andreas Sturm

In the search for quantum advantage in real--world problems, one promising avenue is to use a quantum algorithm to improve on the solution found using an efficient classical algorithm. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Yunlong Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

In recent years, quantum computing has emerged as a transformative force in the field of combinatorial optimization, offering novel approaches to tackling complex problems that have long challenged classical computational methods. Among…

Variational Quantum optimization algorithms, such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) or the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), are among the most studied quantum algorithms. In our work, we evaluate and improve an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-24 David Winderl , Nicola Franco , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the popular quantum algorithms that are used to solve combinatorial optimization problems via approximations. QAOA is able to be evaluated on both physical and virtual quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 Yu-Cheng Lin , Chuan-Chi Wang , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been proposed as a method to obtain approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization tasks. In this work, we study the underlying algebraic properties of three QAOA ans\"atze for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Sujay Kazi , Martín Larocca , Marco Farinati , Patrick J. Coles , M. Cerezo , Robert Zeier

Quantum approximate optimization algorithms are hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithms designed to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems such as the MAX-CUT problem. In spite of its potential for near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Eunok Bae , Soojoon Lee

Quantum Approximate Optimization algorithm (QAOA) aims to search for approximate solutions to discrete optimization problems with near-term quantum computers. As there are no algorithmic guarantee possible for QAOA to outperform classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-25 Bingzhi Zhang , Akira Sone , Quntao Zhuang

Quantum computing exploits basic quantum phenomena such as state superposition and entanglement to perform computations. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is arguably one of the leading quantum algorithms that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Sami Khairy , Ruslan Shaydulin , Lukasz Cincio , Yuri Alexeev , Prasanna Balaprakash