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Experimental science is enabled by the combination of synthesis, imaging, and functional characterization. Synthesis of a new material is typically followed by a set of characterization methods aiming to provide feedback for optimization or…
Many mechanisms, functions and structures of life have been unraveled. However, the fundamental driving force that propelled chemical evolution and led to life has remained obscure. The 2nd law of thermodynamics, written as an equation of…
The fast changing reality in technical and natural domains perceived by always more accurate observations has drawn attention on new and very broad class of systems with specific behaviour represented under the common wording complexity.…
A general formalism is presented to describe the turnover frequency (TOF) during heterogeneous catalysis beyond a mean field treatment. For every elementary reaction we define its multiplicity as the number of times the reaction can be…
The structural relaxation of amorphous materials is described as arising from the superposition of elementary processes with varying activation energies. We show that it is possible to obtain the kinetic parameters of these processes from…
The step motions considered are those in which crystallization is controlled by a single diffusion process, either the substance diffusion for growth from solution or the flow of latent heat from the step for growth from melt. Quasi-static…
At the forefront of nanochemistry, there exists a research endeavor centered around intermetallic nanocrystals, which are unique in terms of long-range atomic ordering, well-defined stoichiometry, and controlled crystal structure. In…
Biomolecular condensates are small droplets forming spontaneously in biological cells via phase separation. They play a role in many cellular processes, but it is unclear how cells control them. Cellular regulation often relies on…
We obtain lower and upper bounds on the skewness and kurtosis associated with the cycle completion time of unicyclic enzymatic reaction schemes. Analogous to a well known lower bound on the randomness parameter, the lower bounds on skewness…
The problem of unstable particle decay is discussed to show how elementarity of a subsystem immersed in an infinitely larger environment is lost. The decay law, when the same kind of particles as decay product make up a thermal medium, is…
Reaction systems are discrete dynamical systems inspired by bio-chemical processes, whose dynamical behaviour is expressed by set-theoretic operations on finite sets. Reaction systems thus provide a description of bio-chemical phenomena…
Collective effects in particle accelerators are one of the key constituents for determining the ultimate particle accelerator performance. Their role is becoming increasingly important as particle accelerators are being pushed ever closer…
Kinetics of the first order phase transition is investigated. In some rather wide spread situations the property of avalanche growth of the objects of a new phase doesn't take place. This radically complicates the theoretical description of…
A new dual plasma coating process to produce platinum-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in a fuel cell is introduced. The catalysts thus produced were analysed with various methods. Electrochemical characterisation was…
This is the third in a series of three papers in which we study a two-dimensional lattice gas consisting of two types of particles subject to Kawasaki dynamics at low temperature in a large finite box with an open boundary. Each pair of…
A model to describe the arising of new structures in an initial homogeneous biological system is proposed. The essay is motivated by the intention to work on a non-equilibrium situation grouping together several mechanisms and processes as:…
Different graphical plots involving the catalytic rate with the (initial) substrate concentration exist in the enzyme kinetics literature to estimate the reaction constants. But, none of these standard plots can unambiguously distinguish…
Microbes require several complex organic molecules for growth. A species may obtain a required factor by taking up molecules released by other species or by synthesizing the molecule. The patterns of uptake and synthesis set a flow of…
Life relies on a sophisticated metabolic molecular machinery that turns over high-energy molecules to evolve complex macromolecules and assemblies. At the molecular origin of life, such machinery was absent, implying the need for simple yet…
Reactive synthesis transforms a specification of a reactive system, given in a temporal logic, into an implementation. The main advantage of synthesis is that it is automatic. The main disadvantage is that the implementation is usually very…