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We propose two frequency-domain filters to analyze ringdown signals of binary black hole mergers. The first rational filter is constructed based on a set of (arbitrary) quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black holes, whereas the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-13 Sizheng Ma , Keefe Mitman , Ling Sun , Nils Deppe , François Hébert , Lawrence E. Kidder , Jordan Moxon , William Throwe , Nils L. Vu , Yanbei Chen

We numerically investigate the imprints of gravitational radiation-reaction driven changes to a black hole's mass and spin on the corresponding ringdown waveform. We do so by comparing the dynamics of a perturbed black hole evolved with the…

The relaxation of a distorted black hole to its final state provides important tests of general relativity within the reach of current and upcoming gravitational wave facilities. In black hole perturbation theory, this phase consists of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-07 Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Gaurav Khanna

Due to the nature of gravity, non-linear effects are left imprinted in the quasi-normal modes generated in the ringdown phase of the merger of two black holes. We offer an analytical treatment of the quasi-normal modes at second-order in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-09 Davide Perrone , Thomas Barreira , Alex Kehagias , Antonio Riotto

The ringdown phase of a gravitational wave signal from a binary black hole merger offers a unique laboratory for testing general relativity in the strong-field regime and probing the properties of the final remnant black hole. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-03 Hai-Tian Wang , Shao-Peng Tang , Peng-Cheng Li , Yi-Zhong Fan

Understanding gravity is at the heart of some of the biggest questions in modern physics. While General Relativity (GR) is a theoretically unique and experimentally well-tested framework, it remains important to question whether it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 Sergi Sirera

Gravitational waves emitted in the aftermath of a black hole binary coalescence have characteristic complex frequencies called quasinormal modes (QNMs). These can be used to test the nature of the merger remnant, e.g. a test of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-09 Arnab Dhani , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Recent studies have shown that rotating black holes can undergo spontaneous scalarization, leading to deviations from general relativity in the strong-field regime. We present the first nonperturbative calculation of the quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-05 Wei Xiong , Peng-Cheng Li

Black hole ringdowns in extensions of General Relativity (GR) generically exhibit two distinct signatures: (1) theory-dependent shifts in the standard black-hole quasinormal modes, and (2) additional modes arising from extra fundamental…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-11 Francesco Crescimbeni , Xisco Jimenez-Forteza , Paolo Pani

The nonlinear nature of general relativity manifests prominently throughout the merger of two black holes, from the inspiral phase to the final ringdown. Notably, the quasi-normal modes generated during the ringdown phase display…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-13 A. Kehagias , A. Riotto

The ringdown signal following a black hole (BH) merger can be modeled as a superposition of BH quasinormal modes (QNMs), offering a clean setup for testing gravitational theories. In particular, detecting multiple QNMs enables consistency…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-17 Soichiro Morisaki , Hayato Motohashi , Motoki Suzuki , Daiki Watarai

We compute scalar quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies in rotating black hole solutions of the most general class of higher-derivative gravity theories, to quartic order in the curvature, that reduce to General Relativity for weak fields and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-15 Pablo A. Cano , Kwinten Fransen , Thomas Hertog

We report evidence for nonlinear modes in the ringdown stage of the gravitational waveform produced by the merger of two comparable-mass black holes. We consider both the coalescence of black hole binaries in quasicircular orbits and…

We investigate the nonlinear evolution of black hole ringdown in the framework of higher-order metric perturbation theory. By solving the initial-value problem of a simplified nonlinear field model analytically as well as numerically, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Satoshi Okuzumi , Kunihito Ioka , Masa-aki Sakagami

In light of the current (and future) gravitational wave detections, more sensitive tests of general relativity can be devised. Black hole spectroscopy has long been proposed as a way to test the no-hair theorem, that is, how closely an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-06 Iara Ota , Cecilia Chirenti

Black hole (BH) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful approach to extract spacetime information from gravitational wave (GW) observed signals. Yet, quasinormal mode (QNM) spectral instability under high wave-number perturbations has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-08 José Luis Jaramillo , Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Lamis Al Sheikh

Exploring gravitational theories beyond general relativity (GR) with black hole (BH) spectroscopy requires accurate and flexible methods for computing their quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum. A popular method of choice is the higher-order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-05 Ruijing Tang , Nicola Franchini , Sebastian H. Völkel , Emanuele Berti

The accurate computation of quasinormal modes from rotating black holes beyond general relativity is crucial for testing fundamental physics with gravitational waves. In this study, we assess the accuracy of the eikonal and post-Kerr…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 Ciro De Simone , Sebastian H. Völkel , Kostas D. Kokkotas , Vittorio De Falco , Salvatore Capozziello

While black hole perturbation theory predicts a rich quasi-normal mode structure, technical challenges have limited the numerical study of excitations to the fundamental, lowest order modes caused by the coalescence of black holes. Here, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-22 Lionel London , James Healy , Deirdre Shoemaker

Ringdown gravitational waves of compact object binaries observed by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors encapsulate rich information to understand remnant objects after the merger and to test general relativity in the strong field. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-29 Norichika Sago , Soichiro Isoyama , Hiroyuki Nakano