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Related papers: WWW: What, When, Where to Compute-in-Memory

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The speed of modern digital systems is severely limited by memory latency (the ``Memory Wall'' problem). Data exchange between Logic and Memory is also responsible for a large part of the system energy consumption. Logic--In--Memory (LiM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Fabrizio Ottati , Giovanna Turvani , Marco Vacca , Guido Masera

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers activate a subset of model weights, dubbed experts, to improve model performance. MoE is particularly promising for deployment on process-in-memory (PIM) architectures, because PIM can naturally fit experts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hanyuan Gao , Xiaoxuan Yang

In-Memory Computing (IMC) introduces a new paradigm of computation that offers high efficiency in terms of latency and power consumption for AI accelerators. However, the non-idealities and defects of emerging technologies used in advanced…

Computing has a huge memory problem. The memory system, consisting of multiple technologies at different levels, is responsible for most of the energy consumption, performance bottlenecks, robustness problems, monetary cost, and hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Onur Mutlu , Ataberk Olgun , Ismail Emir Yuksel

Training machine learning algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from costly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

Computing-in-memory (CIM) has attracted significant attentions in recent years due to its massive parallelism and low power consumption. However, current CIM designs suffer from large area overhead of small CIM macros and bad programmablity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Shu-Hung Kuo , Tian-Sheuan Chang

The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

The rise of data-intensive applications exposed the limitations of conventional processor-centric von-Neumann architectures that struggle to meet the off-chip memory bandwidth demand. Therefore, recent innovations in computer architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Asif Ali Khan , Hamid Farzaneh , Karl F. A. Friebel , Clément Fournier , Lorenzo Chelini , Jeronimo Castrillon

As an emerging type of AI computing accelerator, SRAM Computing-In-Memory (CIM) accelerators feature high energy efficiency and throughput. However, various CIM designs and under-explored mapping strategies impede the full exploration of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jinwu Chen , Yuhui Shi , He Wang , Zhe Jiang , Jun Yang , Xin Si , Zhenhua Zhu

In-memory computing hardware accelerators allow more than 10x improvements in peak efficiency and performance for matrix-vector multiplications (MVM) compared to conventional digital designs. For this, they have gained great interest for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Pouya Houshmand , Marian Verhelst

Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) cores offers significant performance and energy benefits for neural network inference with respect to digital logic (e.g., CPUs). AIMCs accelerate matrix-vector multiplications, which dominate these…

The 3D point cloud perception has emerged as a fundamental role for a wide range of applications. In particular, with the rapid development of neural networks, the voxel-based networks attract great attention due to their excellent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xipeng Lin , Shanshi Huang , Hongwu Jiang

Processing in-memory (PIM) is promising to accelerate neural networks (NNs) because it minimizes data movement and provides large computational parallelism. Similar to machine learning accelerators, application mapping, which determines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xuan Wang , Minxuan Zhou , Tajana Rosing

Computation-in-Memory (CiM) is attracting attention as a technology that can perform MAC calculations required for AI accelerators, at high speed with low power consumption. However, there is a problem regarding power consumption and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Fuyuki Kihara , Seiji Uenohara , Satoshi Awamura , Naoko Misawa , Chihiro Matsui , Ken Takeuchi

Recent advances in deep learning (DL) have led to a shift from traditional 64-bit floating point (FP64) computations toward reduced-precision formats, such as FP16, BF16, and 8- or 16-bit integers, combined with mixed-precision arithmetic.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Héctor Martínez , Adrián Castelló , Francisco D. Igual , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are currently driven by a significant upscaling of their complexity, with massive matrix-multiplication workloads representing the major computational bottleneck. In-memory computing (IMC) architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shady Agwa , Yihan Pan , Georgios Papandroulidakis , Themis Prodromakis

Compute-In-Memory (CIM) systems, particularly those utilizing ReRAM and memristive technologies, offer a promising path toward energy-efficient neural network computation. However, conventional quantization and compression techniques often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guan-Cheng Chen , Chieh-Lin Tsai , Pei-Hsuan Tsai , Yuan-Hao Chang

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) [40] trains classifiers under a strict memory budget: in each incremental phase, learning is done for new data, most of which is abandoned to free space for the next phase. The preserved data are exemplars…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

Exploration tasks are essential to many emerging robotics applications, ranging from search and rescue to space exploration. The planning problem for exploration requires determining the best locations for future measurements that will…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Keshav Gupta , Peter Zhi Xuan Li , Sertac Karaman , Vivienne Sze

In-memory computing (IMC) on a monolithic chip for deep learning faces dramatic challenges on area, yield, and on-chip interconnection cost due to the ever-increasing model sizes. 2.5D integration or chiplet-based architectures interconnect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Manvitha Pannala , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao