Related papers: Name order and the top elite: Long-term effects of…
Prior investigations have offered contrasting results on a troubling question: whether the alphabetical ordering of bylines confers citation advantages on those authors whose surnames put them first in the list. The previous studies…
We study the effects of academic rank using data on the entire population of children enrolled in primary schools in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1962. Exploiting quasi-random variation in peer group composition, we estimate the causal impact of…
Surnames often convey implicit markers of social status, wealth, and lineage, shaping perceptions in ways that can perpetuate systemic biases and intergenerational inequality. This study is the first of its kind to investigate whether and…
This study examines the causal impact of being placed on the Dean's List, a positive education incentive, on future student performance using a regression discontinuity design. The results suggest that for students with low prior academic…
Japan is a unique country with a distinct cultural heritage, which is reflected in billions of historical documents that have been preserved. However, the change in Japanese writing system in 1900 made these documents inaccessible for the…
Across cultures, names tell a lot about their bearers as they carry deep personal and cultural significance. Names also serve as powerful signals of gender, race, and status in the social hierarchy - a pecking order in which individual…
We propose a new strategy to identify the impact of class rank, exploiting a "visible" primary school rank from teachers' exam grades, and an "invisible" rank from unreported standardized test scores. Leveraging a unique panel dataset on…
Listing people alphabetically on an electronic output device is a traditional technique, since alphabetical order is easily perceived by users and facilitates access to information. However, this apparently harmless technique, especially…
This paper examines how gender, birth order, and innate ability shape within-household disparities in children's educational attainment in developing countries. Using data from Benin, I find that in households with non-educated parents,…
This paper introduces a newly constructed individual-level dataset of prewar Japanese elites using the ``Who's Who'' directories published in 1903-1939. Covering approximately the top 0.1\% of the population, the dataset contains rich…
This paper explores the socioeconomic impacts of extracurricular education, specifically private tutoring, on social mobility in Japan. Using data from the 2015 National Survey on Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM), we employed…
One of the major benefits of belonging to a prestigious group is that it affects the way you are viewed by others. Here I use a simple mathematical model to explore the implications of this "prestige bias" when candidates undergo repeated…
What happens if selective colleges change their admission policies? We study this question by analyzing the world's first implementation of nationally centralized meritocratic admissions in the early twentieth century. We find a persistent…
In Japan, teacher and student is randomly matched in the first year of elementary school. Under the quasi-natural experimental setting, we examine how learning in female teacher homeroom class in the elementary school influence pupils'…
Students' beliefs about the extent to which meaningful others, including their peers, recognize them as a strong science student are correlated with their persistence in science courses and careers. Yet, prior work has found a gender bias…
Immediately after the establishment of the New Meiji Government in the 19th century, a system of conscription was adopted. The exemption rule has changed several times. Using individual-level panel data on the academic performance of Keio…
The influence of class orderings in the evaluation of incremental learning has received very little attention. In this paper, we investigate the impact of class orderings for incrementally learned classifiers. We propose a method to compute…
Addressing students by their names helps a teacher to start building rapport with students and thus facilitates their classroom participation. However, this basic yet effective skill has become rather challenging for university lecturers,…
As language models continue to be integrated into applications of personal and societal relevance, ensuring these models' trustworthiness is crucial, particularly with respect to producing consistent outputs regardless of sensitive…
Gender information is no longer a mandatory input when registering for an account at many leading Internet companies. However, prediction of demographic information such as gender and age remains an important task, especially in…