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Large Language Model (LLM) assistants, such as ChatGPT, have emerged as potential alternatives to search methods for helping users navigate complex, feature-rich software. LLMs use vast training data from domain-specific texts, software…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Anjali Khurana , Hari Subramonyam , Parmit K Chilana

In recent years, the remarkable progress of large language models (LLMs) has sparked interest in task automation, which involves decomposing complex tasks described by user instructions into sub-tasks and invoking external tools to execute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yongliang Shen , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Wenqi Zhang , Kan Ren , Siyu Yuan , Weiming Lu , Dongsheng Li , Yueting Zhuang

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents autonomously complete tasks across platforms (\eg, Linux) by sequentially decomposing user instructions into action proposals that iteratively interact with visual elements in the evolving environment.…

Exploratory GUI testing is essential for software quality but suffers from high manual costs. While Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents excel in navigation, they fail to autonomously discover defects due to two core challenges:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yifei Gao , Jiang Wu , Xiaoyi Chen , Yifan Yang , Zhe Cui , Tianyi Ma , Jiaming Zhang , Jitao Sang

Automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing plays a crucial role in ensuring app quality, especially as mobile applications have become an integral part of our daily lives. Despite the growing popularity of learning-based techniques in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have substantially driven the progress of autonomous agents for Graphical User Interface (GUI). Nevertheless, in real-world applications, GUI agents are often faced with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yibo Wang , Guangda Huzhang , Yuwei Hu , Yu Xia , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

As LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-life scenarios, existing benchmarks fail to capture their inherent complexity of handling extensive information, leveraging diverse resources, and managing dynamic user interactions. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Wei He , Yueqing Sun , Hongyan Hao , Xueyuan Hao , Zhikang Xia , Qi Gu , Chengcheng Han , Dengchang Zhao , Hui Su , Kefeng Zhang , Man Gao , Xi Su , Xiaodong Cai , Xunliang Cai , Yu Yang , Yunke Zhao

Existing Large Language Models (LLM) can invoke a variety of tools and APIs to complete complex tasks. The computer, as the most powerful and universal tool, could potentially be controlled directly by a trained LLM agent. Powered by the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Runliang Niu , Jindong Li , Shiqi Wang , Yali Fu , Xiyu Hu , Xueyuan Leng , He Kong , Yi Chang , Qi Wang

GUIs are foundational to interactive systems and play a pivotal role in early requirements elicitation through prototyping. Ensuring that GUI implementations fulfill NL requirements is essential for robust software engineering, especially…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Alexander Maedche , Christian Bartelt

Existing computer-use agents primarily focus on general-purpose desktop automation tasks, with limited exploration of their application in highly specialized domains. In particular, the 3D building modeling process in the Architecture,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zihan Deng , Changyu Du , Stavros Nousias , André Borrmann

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Controlling desktop applications via software remains a fundamental yet under-served problem. Existing multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) ingest screenshots and task instructions to generate keystrokes and mouse events, but they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zihan Dong , Xinyu Fan , Zixiang Tang , Yunqing Li

Effective human-AI collaboration for physical task completion has significant potential in both everyday activities and professional domains. AI agents equipped with informative guidance can enhance human performance, but evaluating such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Filippos Bellos , Yayuan Li , Cary Shu , Ruey Day , Jeffrey M. Siskind , Jason J. Corso

In this paper, we introduce OSUniverse: a benchmark of complex, multimodal desktop-oriented tasks for advanced GUI-navigation AI agents that focuses on ease of use, extensibility, comprehensive coverage of test cases, and automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mariya Davydova , Daniel Jeffries , Patrick Barker , Arturo Márquez Flores , Sinéad Ryan

Measuring GUI task difficulty is crucial for user behavior analysis and agent capability evaluation. Yet, existing benchmarks typically quantify difficulty based on motor actions (e.g., step counts), overlooking the cognitive demands…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yiwen Yin , Zhian Hu , Xiaoxi Xu , Chun Yu , Xintong Wu , Wenyu Fan , Yuanchun Shi

Mobile GUI agents are becoming critical tools to improve user experience on smart devices, with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) emerging as the dominant paradigms in this domain. Current agents, however, rely on explicit human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Qinglong Yang , Haoming Li , Haotian Zhao , Xiaokai Yan , Jingtao Ding , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Automating GUI tasks remains challenging due to reliance on textual representations, platform-specific action spaces, and limited reasoning capabilities. We introduce Aguvis, a unified vision-based framework for autonomous GUI agents that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yiheng Xu , Zekun Wang , Junli Wang , Dunjie Lu , Tianbao Xie , Amrita Saha , Doyen Sahoo , Tao Yu , Caiming Xiong

The rapid development of mobile GUI agents has stimulated growing research interest in long-horizon task automation. However, building agents for these tasks faces a critical bottleneck: the reliance on ever-expanding interaction history…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shizuo Tian , Hao Wen , Yuxuan Chen , Jiacheng Liu , Shanhui Zhao , Guohong Liu , Ju Ren , Yunxin Liu , Yuanchun Li

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications requiring complex, long-horizon workflows. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on atomic tasks that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Weixuan Wang , Dongge Han , Daniel Madrigal Diaz , Jin Xu , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan