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A significant ``modality gap" exists between the abundance of text-only data and the increasing power of multimodal models. This work systematically investigates whether images generated on-the-fly by Text-to-Image (T2I) models can serve as…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yuesheng Huang , Peng Zhang , Xiaoxin Wu , Riliang Liu , Jiaqi Liang

While text-to-image (T2I) models can synthesize high-quality images, their performance degrades significantly when prompted with novel or out-of-distribution (OOD) entities due to inherent knowledge cutoffs. We introduce World-To-Image, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Moo Hyun Son , Jintaek Oh , Sun Bin Mun , Jaechul Roh , Sehyun Choi

Diffusion models for Text-to-Image (T2I) conditional generation have recently achieved tremendous success. Yet, aligning these models with user's intentions still involves a laborious trial-and-error process, and this challenging alignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Chao Wang , Giulio Franzese , Alessandro Finamore , Massimo Gallo , Pietro Michiardi

Recent breakthroughs in self supervised training have led to a new class of pretrained vision language models. While there have been investigations of bias in multimodal models, they have mostly focused on gender and racial bias, giving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Sepehr Janghorbani , Gerard de Melo

Progress in Text-to-Image (T2I) models has significantly improved the generation of images from textual descriptions. However, existing evaluation metrics do not adequately assess the models' ability to handle a diverse range of textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Jingtao Cao , Zheng Zhang , Hongru Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Text-to-image (T2I) generation aims at producing realistic images corresponding to text descriptions. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has proven to be successful in this task. Typical T2I GANs are 2 phase methods that first pretrain an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yibin Liu , Jianyu Zhang , Li Zhang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Text-to-Image (T2I) Diffusion Models (DMs) have garnered widespread attention for their impressive advancements in image generation. However, their growing popularity has raised ethical and social concerns related to key non-functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yi Zhang , Zhen Chen , Chih-Hong Cheng , Wenjie Ruan , Xiaowei Huang , Dezong Zhao , David Flynn , Siddartha Khastgir , Xingyu Zhao

Text-to-image (T2I) models are increasingly popular, producing a large share of AI-generated images online. To compare model quality, voting-based leaderboards have become the standard, relying on anonymized model outputs for fairness. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Ali Naseh , Yuefeng Peng , Anshuman Suri , Harsh Chaudhari , Alina Oprea , Amir Houmansadr

While generative AI systems have gained popularity in diverse applications, their potential to produce harmful outputs limits their trustworthiness and utility. A small but growing line of research has explored tools and processes to better…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Matheus Kunzler Maldaner , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Jason I. Hong , Kenneth Holstein , Motahhare Eslami

Image captioning has made substantial progress with huge supporting image collections sourced from the web. However, recent studies have pointed out that captioning datasets, such as COCO, contain gender bias found in web corpora. As a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Ruixiang Tang , Mengnan Du , Yuening Li , Zirui Liu , Na Zou , Xia Hu

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved impressive results, yet existing models still struggle with prompts that require rich world knowledge and implicit reasoning: both of which are critical for producing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Daoan Zhang , Che Jiang , Ruoshi Xu , Biaoxiang Chen , Zijian Jin , Yutian Lu , Jianguo Zhang , Liang Yong , Jiebo Luo , Shengda Luo

As text-to-image systems continue to grow in popularity with the general public, questions have arisen about bias and diversity in the generated images. Here, we investigate properties of images generated in response to prompts which are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi

With the rapid development of Text-to-Image (T2I) models, biases in human image generation against demographic social groups become a significant concern, impacting fairness and ethical standards in AI. Some researchers propose their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Hanjun Luo , Ziye Deng , Haoyu Huang , Xuecheng Liu , Ruizhe Chen , Zuozhu Liu

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generation models have transformed the field. However, challenges persist in generating images that reflect demanding textual descriptions, especially for fine-grained details and unusual…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ran Li , Xiaomeng Jin , Heng ji

Text-and-Image-To-Image (TI2I), an extension of Text-To-Image (T2I), integrates image inputs with textual instructions to enhance image generation. Existing methods often partially utilize image inputs, focusing on specific elements like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Teng-Fang Hsiao , Bo-Kai Ruan , Yi-Lun Wu , Tzu-Ling Lin , Hong-Han Shuai

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have shown exceptional capabilities in generating images that closely correspond to textual prompts. However, the advancement of T2I diffusion models presents significant risks, as the models could be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jie Ren , Kangrui Chen , Yingqian Cui , Shenglai Zeng , Hui Liu , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Lingjuan Lyu

This paper examines algorithmic lookism-the systematic preferential treatment based on physical appearance-in text-to-image (T2I) generative AI and a downstream gender classification task. Through the analysis of 26,400 synthetic faces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Miriam Doh , Aditya Gulati , Corinna Canali , Nuria Oliver

This paper analyzes the impact of causal manner in the text encoder of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models, which can lead to information bias and loss. Previous works have focused on addressing the issues through the denoising process.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Chieh-Yun Chen , Chiang Tseng , Li-Wu Tsao , Hong-Han Shuai

The text to medical image (T2MedI) with latent diffusion model has great potential to alleviate the scarcity of medical imaging data and explore the underlying appearance distribution of lesions in a specific patient status description.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Xu Han , Fangfang Fan , Jingzhao Rong , Zhen Li , Georges El Fakhri , Qingyu Chen , Xiaofeng Liu

Evaluating the quality of synthesized images remains a significant challenge in the development of text-to-image (T2I) generation. Most existing studies in this area primarily focus on evaluating text-image alignment, image quality, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Ziwei Huang , Wanggui He , Quanyu Long , Yandi Wang , Haoyuan Li , Zhelun Yu , Fangxun Shu , Long Chan , Hao Jiang , Fei Wu , Leilei Gan