English

Seeing Twice: How Side-by-Side T2I Comparison Changes Auditing Strategies

Human-Computer Interaction 2025-11-27 v1

Abstract

While generative AI systems have gained popularity in diverse applications, their potential to produce harmful outputs limits their trustworthiness and utility. A small but growing line of research has explored tools and processes to better engage non-AI expert users in auditing generative AI systems. In this work, we present the design and evaluation of MIRAGE, a web-based tool exploring a "contrast-first" workflow that allows users to pick up to four different text-to-image (T2I) models, view their images side-by-side, and provide feedback on model performance on a single screen. In our user study with fifteen participants, we used four predefined models for consistency, with only a single model initially being shown. We found that most participants shifted from analyzing individual images to general model output patterns once the side-by-side step appeared with all four models; several participants coined persistent "model personalities" (e.g., cartoonish, saturated) that helped them form expectations about how each model would behave on future prompts. Bilingual participants also surfaced a language-fidelity gap, as English prompts produced more accurate images than Portuguese or Chinese, an issue often overlooked when dealing with a single model. These findings suggest that simple comparative interfaces can accelerate bias discovery and reshape how people think about generative models.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2511.21547,
  title  = {Seeing Twice: How Side-by-Side T2I Comparison Changes Auditing Strategies},
  author = {Matheus Kunzler Maldaner and Wesley Hanwen Deng and Jason I. Hong and Kenneth Holstein and Motahhare Eslami},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.21547},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

8 pages, 6 figures. Presented at ACM Collective Intelligence (CI), 2025. Available at https://ci.acm.org/2025/wp-content/uploads/101-Maldaner.pdf

R2 v1 2026-07-01T07:56:31.492Z