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Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the…

We developed a modified version of a conventional (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol that can be understood and implemented by students at a pre-university level. We intentionally introduce a subtle but critical simplification to the…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-12-16 Adrian Nugraha Utama , Jianwei Lee , Mathias Alexander Seidler

Recently, the problem of secure position-verification has been extensively analyzed in a formal notion where distant verifiers send encrypted challenge along with the decryption information to the prover. However, currently it is known that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-02 Muhammad Nadeem

We propose to analyse quantum protocols by applying formal verification techniques developed in classical computing for the analysis of communicating concurrent systems. One area of successful application of these techniques is that of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rajagopal Nagarajan , Simon Gay

Quantum key distribution algorithms are considered secure because they leverage quantum phenomena to provide security. As such, eavesdroppers can be detected by analyzing the error rate in the shared key obtained by the parties performing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Christopher Dunne

Quantum-based cryptographic protocols are often said to enjoy security guaranteed by the fundamental laws of physics. However, even carefully designed quantum-based cryptographic schemes may be susceptible to subtle attacks that are outside…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Tsz-Mei Ko

Photon number resolving detectors can enhance the performance of many practical quantum cryptographic setups. In this paper, we employ a simple method to estimate the statistics provided by such a photon number resolving detector using only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

All the currently available unconditional security proofs on quantum key distribution, in particular for the BB84 protocol and its variants including continuous-variable ones, are invalid or incomplete at many points. In this paper we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-23 Horace P. Yuen

The four-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol has a long practical secure distance \cite{Leverrier_PRL_2009}, while it has the difficulty of parameter estimation. We propose an improved four-state protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Jian Yang , Bingjie Xu , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

A new interactive quantum zero-knowledge protocol for identity authentication implementable in currently available quantum cryptographic devices is proposed and demonstrated. The protocol design involves a verifier and a prover knowing a…

In this paper we review a number of issues on the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that bear directly on the relevant physics or mathematical representation of the QKD cryptosystem. It is shown that the cryptosystem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-08 Horace P. Yuen

Quantum state verification (QSV) is the task of relying on local measurements only to verify that a given quantum device does produce the desired target state. Up to now, certain types of entangled states can be verified efficiently or even…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Ye-Chao Liu , Yinfei Li , Jiangwei Shang , Xiangdong Zhang

We introduce a new relativistic orthogonal states quantum key distribution protocol which leverages the properties of both quantum mechanics and special relativity to securely encode multiple bits onto the spatio-temporal modes of a single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-12 Jordan S. Cotler , Peter W. Shor

Several quantum process algebras have been proposed and successfully applied in verification of quantum cryptographic protocols. All of the bisimulations proposed so far for quantum processes in these process algebras are state-based,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Yuan Feng , Mingsheng Ying

Most current research on quantum cryptography requires transmission and reception of single photons that creates severe implementation challenges and limits range. This paper argues for the development of threshold quantum cryptography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-24 Subhash Kak

We prove the unconditional security of the six-state protocol with threshold detectors and one-way classical communication. Unlike the four-state protocol (BB84), it has been proven that the squash operator for the six-state does not exist,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-30 Go Kato , Kiyoshi Tamaki

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically offers unconditional security. Unfortunately, the gap between theory and practice threatens side-channel attacks on practical QKD systems. Many well-known QKD protocols use weak coherent laser…

This thesis is concerned with rigorous security analyses of practical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, using a variety of modern proof techniques. The main results are as follows. First, we establish a security proof for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Devashish Tupkary

We suggest that the randomness of the choices of measurement basis by Alice and Bob provides an additional important resource for quantum cryptography. As a specific application, we present a novel protocol for quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Hannes R. Böhm , Paul S. Böhm , Markus Aspelmeyer , Časlav Brukner , Anton Zeilinger

Entanglement detection is a fundamental task in quantum information science, serving as a cornerstone for quantum benchmarking and foundational studies. With an increasing qubit number that can be effectively controlled, there is a pressing…