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Interpretability is crucial for machine learning in many scenarios such as quantitative finance, banking, healthcare, etc. Symbolic regression (SR) is a classic interpretable machine learning method by bridging X and Y using mathematical…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-17 Ying Jin , Weilin Fu , Jian Kang , Jiadong Guo , Jian Guo

Symbolic Regression (SR) searches for mathematical expressions which best describe numerical datasets. This allows to circumvent interpretation issues inherent to artificial neural networks, but SR algorithms are often computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Florian Lalande , Yoshitomo Matsubara , Naoya Chiba , Tatsunori Taniai , Ryo Igarashi , Yoshitaka Ushiku

Automated scientific discovery aims to improve scientific understanding through machine learning. A central approach in this field is symbolic regression, which uses genetic programming or sparse regression to learn interpretable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sigur de Vries , Sander W. Keemink , Marcel A. J. van Gerven

Symbolic Regression (SR) enables the discovery of interpretable mathematical relationships from experimental and simulation data. These relationships are often coined descriptors which are defined as a fundamental materials property that is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Udaykumar Gajera , Mohsen Sotoudeh , Kanchan Sarkar , Axel Groß

Symbolic regression, the task of extracting mathematical expressions from the observed data $\{ \vx_i, y_i \}$, plays a crucial role in scientific discovery. Despite the promising performance of existing methods, most of them conduct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Pengwei Jin , Di Huang , Rui Zhang , Xing Hu , Ziyuan Nan , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

Symbolic regression (SR) is a powerful technique for discovering symbolic expressions that characterize nonlinear relationships in data, gaining increasing attention for its interpretability, compactness, and robustness. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Shengbin Ye , Meng Li

We introduce an Invertible Symbolic Regression (ISR) method. It is a machine learning technique that generates analytical relationships between inputs and outputs of a given dataset via invertible maps (or architectures). The proposed ISR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Tony Tohme , Mohammad Javad Khojasteh , Mohsen Sadr , Florian Meyer , Kamal Youcef-Toumi

Symbolic regression corresponds to an ensemble of techniques that allow to uncover an analytical equation from data. Through a closed form formula, these techniques provide great advantages such as potential scientific discovery of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ismail Alaoui Abdellaoui , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Solutions of symbolic regression problems are expressions that are composed of input variables and operators from a finite set of function symbols. One measure for evaluating symbolic regression algorithms is their ability to recover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Paul Kahlmeyer , Markus Fischer , Joachim Giesen

Symbolic regression plays a crucial role in modern scientific research thanks to its capability of discovering concise and interpretable mathematical expressions from data. A key challenge lies in the search for parsimonious and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Kai Ruan , Yilong Xu , Ze-Feng Gao , Yike Guo , Hao Sun , Ji-Rong Wen , Yang Liu

We propose a novel deep symbolic regression approach to enhance the robustness and interpretability of data-driven mathematical expression discovery. Our work is aligned with the popular DSR framework which focuses on learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zachary Bastiani , Robert M. Kirby , Jacob Hochhalter , Shandian Zhe

There are many problems in physics, biology, and other natural sciences in which symbolic regression can provide valuable insights and discover new laws of nature. A widespread Deep Neural Networks do not provide interpretable solutions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Sergei Popov , Mikhail Lazarev , Vladislav Belavin , Denis Derkach , Andrey Ustyuzhanin

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a type of regression analysis to automatically find the mathematical expression that best fits the data. Currently, SR still basically relies on various searching strategies so that a sample-specific model is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Jiachen Li , Ye Yuan , Hong-Bin Shen

Symbolic regression is a machine learning technique that can learn the governing formulas of data and thus has the potential to transform scientific discovery. However, symbolic regression is still limited in the complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Michael Zhang , Samuel Kim , Peter Y. Lu , Marin Soljačić

Symbolic regression is essential for deriving interpretable expressions that elucidate complex phenomena by exposing the underlying mathematical and physical relationships in data. In this paper, we present an advanced symbolic regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Sikai Huang , Yixin Berry Wen , Tara Adusumilli , Kusum Choudhary , Haizhao Yang

Discovering valid and meaningful mathematical equations from observed data plays a crucial role in scientific discovery. While this task, symbolic regression, remains challenging due to the vast search space and the trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xiaoxu Han , Chengzhen Ning , Jinghui Zhong , Fubiao Yang , Yu Wang , Xin Mu

We present a novel method for symbolic regression (SR), the task of searching for compact programmatic hypotheses that best explain a dataset. The problem is commonly solved using genetic algorithms; we show that we can enhance such methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Arya Grayeli , Atharva Sehgal , Omar Costilla-Reyes , Miles Cranmer , Swarat Chaudhuri

Symbolic regression is a powerful system identification technique in industrial scenarios where no prior knowledge on model structure is available. Such scenarios often require specific model properties such as interpretability, robustness,…

Symbolic Regression (SR) tries to reveal the hidden equations behind observed data. However, most methods search within a discrete equation space, where the structural modifications of equations rarely align with their numerical behavior,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Qian Li , Yuxiao Hu , Juncheng Liu , Yuntian Chen

This paper revisits datasets and evaluation criteria for Symbolic Regression (SR), specifically focused on its potential for scientific discovery. Focused on a set of formulas used in the existing datasets based on Feynman Lectures on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yoshitomo Matsubara , Naoya Chiba , Ryo Igarashi , Yoshitaka Ushiku