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The analysis of FFPE tissue sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an essential part of the pathologic assessment of surgically resected breast cancer specimens. IHC staining has been broadly…

Automated classification of histopathological whole-slide images (WSI) of breast tissue requires analysis at very high resolutions with a large contextual area. In this paper, we present context-aware stacked convolutional neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi , Guido Zuidhof , Maschenka Balkenhol , Meyke Hermsen , Peter Bult , Bram van Ginneken , Nico Karssemeijer , Geert Litjens , Jeroen van der Laak

Lymph node metastasis is one of the most significant diagnostic indicators in breast cancer, which is traditionally observed under the microscope by pathologists. In recent years, computerized histology diagnosis has become one of the most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Huangjing Lin , Hao Chen , Qi Dou , Liansheng Wang , Jing Qin , Pheng-Ann Heng

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved notable progress in computational pathology (CPath), the gigapixel scale and spatial heterogeneity of Whole Slide Images (WSIs) continue to pose challenges for multimodal understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Fengchun Liu , Songhan Jiang , Linghan Cai , Ziyue Wang , Yongbing Zhang

Melanoma diagnosed and treated in its early stages can increase the survival rate. A projected increase in skin cancer incidents and a dearth of dermatopathologists have emphasized the need for computational pathology (CPATH) systems. CPATH…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Neel Kanwal , Roger Amundsen , Helga Hardardottir , Luca Tomasetti , Erling Sandoy Undersrud , Emiel A. M. Janssen , Kjersti Engan

The popular use of histopathology images, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), has proven to be useful in detecting tumors. However, moving such cancer cases forward for treatment requires accurate on the amount of the human epidermal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Olaide N. Oyelade , Oliver Hoxey , Yulia Humrye

Whole slide imaging is fundamental to biomedical microscopy and computational pathology. Previously, learning representations for gigapixel-sized whole slide images (WSIs) has relied on multiple instance learning with weak labels, which do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Xinhai Hou , Cheng Jiang , Akhil Kondepudi , Yiwei Lyu , Asadur Chowdury , Honglak Lee , Todd C. Hollon

Histopathology is a gold standard for cancer diagnosis under a microscopic examination. However, histological tissue processing procedures result in artifacts, which are ultimately transferred to the digitized version of glass slides, known…

Computational pathology (CPath) digitizes pathology slides into whole slide images (WSIs), enabling analysis for critical healthcare tasks such as cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, WSIs possess extremely long sequence lengths (up to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Wenhao Tang , Heng Fang , Ge Wu , Xiang Li , Ming-Ming Cheng

Deep learning enables the modelling of high-resolution histopathology whole-slide images (WSI). Weakly supervised learning of tile-level data is typically applied for tasks where labels only exist on the patient or WSI level (e.g. patient…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Abhinav Sharma , Bojing Liu , Mattias Rantalainen

Classifying breast cancer molecular subtypes is crucial for tailoring treatment strategies. While immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression profiling are standard methods for molecular subtyping, IHC can be subjective, and gene…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Masoud Tafavvoghi , Anders Sildnes , Mehrdad Rakaee , Nikita Shvetsov , Lars Ailo Bongo , Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund , Kajsa Møllersen

Accurate analysis of histopathological images is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Whole-slide images (WSIs), which digitize tissue specimens at gigapixel resolution, are fundamental to this process but require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Enhui Chai , Sicheng Chen , Tianyi Zhang , Chad Wong , Kecheng Huang , Zeyu Liu , Fei Xia

Histopathology images; microscopy images of stained tissue biopsies contain fundamental prognostic information that forms the foundation of pathological analysis and diagnostic medicine. However, diagnostics from histopathology images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Aïcha BenTaieb , Ghassan Hamarneh

Due to its superior efficiency in utilizing annotations and addressing gigapixel-sized images, multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown great promise as a framework for whole slide image (WSI) classification in digital pathology…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-14 Qiehe Sun , Jiawen Li , Jin Xu , Junru Cheng , Tian Guan , Yonghong He

Multimodal survival methods combining gigapixel histology whole-slide images (WSIs) and transcriptomic profiles are particularly promising for patient prognostication and stratification. Current approaches involve tokenizing the WSIs into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Andrew H. Song , Richard J. Chen , Guillaume Jaume , Anurag J. Vaidya , Alexander S. Baras , Faisal Mahmood

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of cancer-related mortality, despite the widespread implementation of prophylactic initiatives aimed at detecting and removing precancerous polyps. Although screening effectively reduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ahmed Rahu , Brian Shula , Brandon Combs , Aqsa Sultana , Surendra P. Singh , Vijayan K. Asari , Derrick Forchetti

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Histopathology image analysis serves as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. In this regard, whole-slide imaging (WSI), a revolutionary technology in digital pathology,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Baichen Yu , Xuetong Li , Jing Zhou , Hansheng Wang

Precision oncology requires accurate molecular insights, yet obtaining these directly from genomics is costly and time-consuming for broad clinical use. Predicting complex molecular features and patient prognosis directly from routine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Cheng Jin , Fengtao Zhou , Yunfang Yu , Jiabo Ma , Yihui Wang , Yingxue Xu , Huajun Zhou , Hao Jiang , Luyang Luo , Luhui Mao , Zifan He , Xiuming Zhang , Jing Zhang , Ronald Chan , Herui Yao , Hao Chen

Encoding whole slide images (WSI) as graphs is well motivated since it makes it possible for the gigapixel resolution WSI to be represented in its entirety for the purpose of graph learning. To this end, WSIs can be broken into smaller…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Milan Aryal , Nasim Yahyasoltani

The rapidly emerging field of deep learning-based computational pathology has demonstrated promise in developing objective prognostic models from histology whole slide images. However, most prognostic models are either based on histology or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Richard J. Chen , Ming Y. Lu , Drew F. K. Williamson , Tiffany Y. Chen , Jana Lipkova , Muhammad Shaban , Maha Shady , Mane Williams , Bumjin Joo , Zahra Noor , Faisal Mahmood