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The muon tomography technique, based on multiple Coulomb scattering of cosmic ray muons, has been proposed as a tool to detect the presence of high density objects inside closed volumes. In this paper a new and innovative method is…

Cosmic ray muon has strong penetrating power and no ionizing radiation hazards, which makes it an ideal probe for detecting special nuclear materials. In this paper, a high spatial resolution muon tomography system based on Micromegas…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-16 Yu Wang , Zhiyong Zhang , Shubin Liu , Zhongtao Shen , Changqing Feng , Jianguo Liu , Yulin Liu

Muon tomography based on the measurement of multiple scattering of atmospheric cosmic ray muons is a promising technique for detecting and imaging heavily shielded high-Z nuclear materials such as enriched uranium. This technique could…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-17 K. Gnanvo , B. Benson , W. Bittner , F. Costa , L. Grasso , M. Hohlmann , J. B. Locke , S. Martoiu , H. Muller , M. Staib , A. Tarazona , J. Toledo

The threat of smuggled nuclear/radiological weapons and material in commercial containerized cargo remains a significant threat to global security more than a decade after the enactment of laws in the United States and elsewhere mandating…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-12-05 Brian S. Henderson

Cosmic ray muons enable non-invasive imaging of dense structures through multipleCoulomb scattering (MCS), with scattering angles dependent on atomic number (Z). Traditional algorithms like Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) assume single…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Reshma Ughade , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Muon radiography often referred to as muography, is an imaging technique that uses freely available cosmic-ray muons to study the interior structure of natural or man-made large-scale objects. The amount of multidisciplinary applications of…

Muography (or muon radiography) is an imaging technique that relies on the use of cosmogenic muons as a free and safe radiation source. It can be applied in various fields such as archaeology, civil engineering, geology, nuclear reactor…

We present results from a detailed GEANT4 simulation of a proposed Muon Tomography System that employs compact Micro Pattern Gas Detectors with high spatial resolution. A basic Point-Of-Closest-Approach algorithm is applied to reconstructed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-15 Kondo Gnanvo , Patrick Ford , Jennifer Helsby , Richie Hoch , Debasis Mitra , Marcus Hohlmann

Due to the muon tomography's capability of imaging high Z materials, some potential applications have been reported on inspecting smuggled nuclear materials in customs. A compact Cosmic Ray Muons (CRM) imaging prototype, Lanzhou University…

Muons interact with matter via two major interaction mechanisms: ionization and radioactive process, and multiple Coulomb scattering leading to energy loss and trajectory deflection, respectively. For a monoenergetic muon beam crossing an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-08-24 Zhengzhi Liu

Muography is a well estabilished method to obtain 3D images of large objects (e.g. volcanoes and large buildings) without any additional particle source, taking advantage of the presence of cosmic muons. The underlying principle of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-26 G. Galgóczi , D. Mrdja , I. Bikit , K. Bikit , J. Slivka , J. Hansman , L. Oláh , G. Hamar , D. Varga

Non-destructive subsurface imaging methods based on the absorption or scattering of photons or neutrons are becoming increasingly popular in cultural asset conservation. However, these techniques are limited by physical and practical…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-09-18 Marwa Moussawi , Andrea Giammanco , Vishal Kumar , Maxime Lagrange

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) based 3D imaging is widely used in airports for aviation security screening whilst prior work on prohibited item detection focuses primarily on 2D X-ray imagery. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Qian Wang , Neelanjan Bhowmik , Toby P. Breckon

Cosmic ray muon scattering tomography (MST) is an imaging technique that utilizes muon scattering in matter to inspect high-Z materials non-destructively, without requiring an artificial radiation source. This method offers significant…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-12-18 Zheng Liang , Zebo Tang , Xin Li , Baiyu Liu , Cheng Li , Jiacheng He , Kun Jiang , Yonggang Wang , Ye Tian , Yishuang Zhang , Zeyu Wang

We review the relatively immature field of automated image analysis for X-ray cargo imagery. There is increasing demand for automated analysis methods that can assist in the inspection and selection of containers, due to the ever-growing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-04 Thomas W. Rogers , Nicolas Jaccard , Edward J. Morton , Lewis D. Griffin

Due to the high penetrating power of cosmic ray muons, they can be used to probe very thick and dense objects. As charged particles, they can be tracked by ionization detectors, determining the position and direction of the muons. With…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-11 Jesus J. Valencia , Adam A. Hecht , C. L. Morris , E. Guardincerri , D. Poulson , J. Bacon , J. M. Durham

Automated detection of contraband items in X-ray images can significantly increase public safety, by enhancing the productivity and alleviating the mental load of security officers in airports, subways, customs/post offices, etc. The large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Georgios Batsis , Ioannis Mademlis , Georgios Th. Papadopoulos

In recent years, muon tomography has turned into a powerful and innovative technique for non-invasive imaging of large and small structures with applications in different areas like geology, archaeology, security, etc. We present the design…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-12-12 J. A. Rengifo , J. L. Bazo

Current radiation portal monitors at sea ports and international borders that employ standard radiation detection techniques are not very sensitive to nuclear contraband that is well shielded to absorb emanating radiation. Muon Tomography…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-17 M. Hohlmann , K. Gnanvo , L. Grasso , J. B. Locke , A. Quintero , D. Mitra

This work presents a generalized muon trajectory estimation (GMTE) algorithm to estimate the path of a muon in either uniform or nonuniform media. The use of cosmic ray muons in nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards verification…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Stylianos Chatzidakis , Zhengzhi Liu , Jason P. Hayward , John M. Scaglione