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Related papers: ResoNet: Robust and Explainable ENSO Forecasts wit…

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This paper extends previous work (Groom et al., \emph{Artif. Intell. Earth Syst.}, 2024) in applying the entropy-optimal Sparse Probabilistic Approximation (eSPA) algorithm to predict ENSO phase, defined by thresholding the Ni\~no3.4 index.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Michael Groom , Davide Bassetti , Illia Horenko , Terence J. O'Kane

The El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a fluctuation in sea surface temperature (SST) and pressure across the equatorial Pacific Ocean with a period of 2-7 years. As the largest mode of interannual variability on Earth, ENSO shapes…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 PJ Tuckman , Da Yang

In this paper, the performance of three deep learning methods for predicting short-term evolution and for reproducing the long-term statistics of a multi-scale spatio-temporal Lorenz 96 system is examined. The methods are: echo state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Pedram Hassanzadeh , Devika Subramanian

We explore the potential of feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs) for emulating cloud superparameterization in realistic geography, using offline fits to data from the Super Parameterized Community Atmospheric Model. To identify the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Griffin Mooers , Mike Pritchard , Tom Beucler , Jordan Ott , Galen Yacalis , Pierre Baldi , Pierre Gentine

The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most prominent interannual climate phenomena. An early and reliable ENSO forecasting remains a crucial goal, due to its serious implications for economy, society, and ecosystem. Despite…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Jun Meng , Jingfang Fan , Josef Ludescher , Agarwal Ankit , Xiaosong Chen , Armin Bunde , Jurgen Kurths , Hans Joachim Schellnhuber

Forecasting the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been a subject of vigorous research due to the important role of the phenomenon in climate dynamics and its worldwide socioeconomic impacts. Over the past decades, numerous models for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-12-12 Xinyang Wang , Joanna Slawinska , Dimitrios Giannakis

Long-lead forecasting for spatio-temporal systems can often entail complex nonlinear dynamics that are difficult to specify it a priori. Current statistical methodologies for modeling these processes are often highly parameterized and thus,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-05 Patrick L. McDermott , Christopher K. Wikle

Multivariate time series forecasting is an important machine learning problem across many domains, including predictions of solar plant energy output, electricity consumption, and traffic jam situation. Temporal data arise in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Guokun Lai , Wei-Cheng Chang , Yiming Yang , Hanxiao Liu

Deep learning models have recently achieved significant performance improvements in time series forecasting. We present a highly accurate and simply structured CNN-based model with only one convolutional layer, called WinNet, including (i)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Wenjie Ou , Zhishuo Zhao , Dongyue Guo , Zheng Zhang , Yi Lin

Deep neural networks offer an alternative paradigm for modeling weather conditions. The ability of neural models to make a prediction in less than a second once the data is available and to do so with very high temporal and spatial…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-07-07 Marcin Andrychowicz , Lasse Espeholt , Di Li , Samier Merchant , Alexander Merose , Fred Zyda , Shreya Agrawal , Nal Kalchbrenner

The El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a mode of interannual variability in the coupled equatorial ocean/atmosphere Pacific. El Ni\~no describes a state in which sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific increase and upwelling…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-07-12 John Guckenheimer , Andrew Roberts , Axel Timmermann , Henk Dijkstra

Electricity load forecasting plays an important role in the energy planning such as generation and distribution. However, the nonlinearity and dynamic uncertainties in the smart grid environment are the main obstacles in forecasting…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Faisal Mohammad , Ki Boem Lee , Young-Chon Kim

Deep Learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in medium-range weather prediction but often fail to maintain physically consistent rollouts beyond 14 days. In contrast, a few atmospheric models demonstrate stability over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Florian Gallusser , Simon Hentschel , Anna Krause , Andreas Hotho

We study the dynamics of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly using a model of the temporal patterns of two sub-regions, mimicking behaviour similar to El Ni\~no Southern Oscillations (ENSO). Specifically, we present the existence,…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2017-08-01 Chandrakala Meena , Elena Surovyatkina , Sudeshna Sinha

The dynamics of the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are succinctly captured by the Recharge Oscillator (RO) framework. However, to simulate ENSO realistically, careful choices must be made regarding the RO's key parameters. In…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Sooman Han , Alexey Fedorov , Jérôme Vialard

A large number of Deep Learning Weather Prediction (DLWP) architectures -- based on various backbones, including U-Net, Transformer, Graph Neural Network, and Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) -- have demonstrated their potential at forecasting…

Satellite and ground-based observations are used to explore the composite oceanic - atmospheric link known as the El Ni\~no/La Ni\~na Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which is closely associated with extreme weather events (e.g. heat…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2017-08-22 Costas A. Varotsos , Arthur P. Cracknell

Weather prediction is a quintessential problem involving the forecasting of a complex, nonlinear, and chaotic high-dimensional dynamical system. This work introduces an efficient reduced-order modeling (ROM) framework for short-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Amirpasha Hedayat , Karthik Duraisamy

Weather forecasting plays a critical role in various sectors, driving decision-making and risk management. However, traditional methods often struggle to capture the complex dynamics of meteorological systems, particularly in the presence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jiaze Wang , Hao Chen , Hongcan Xu , Jinpeng Li , Bowen Wang , Kun Shao , Furui Liu , Huaxi Chen , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant mode of atmospheric variability over the North Atlantic sector, influencing temperature and precipitation across Europe. While the NAO's impact on North Atlantic sea surface temperatures…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Elena Provenzano , Guillaume Gastineau , Carlos Mejia , Didier Swingedouw , Sylvie Thiria