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The growing societal reliance on artificial intelligence necessitates robust frameworks for ensuring its security, accountability, and trustworthiness. This thesis addresses the complex interplay between privacy, verifiability, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Tobin South

Autonomous and robotic systems are increasingly being trusted with sensitive activities with potentially serious consequences if that trust is broken. Runtime verification techniques present a natural source of inspiration for monitoring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Robert Abela , Christian Colombo , Axel Curmi , Mattea Fenech , Mark Vella , Angelo Ferrando

In recent years, data poisoning attacks have been increasingly designed to appear harmless and even beneficial, often with the intention of verifying dataset ownership or safeguarding private data from unauthorized use. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yifan Zhu , Lijia Yu , Xiao-Shan Gao

Benchmarks are important measures to evaluate safety and compliance of AI models at scale. However, they typically do not offer verifiable results and lack confidentiality for model IP and benchmark datasets. We propose Attestable Audits,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Christoph Schnabl , Daniel Hugenroth , Bill Marino , Alastair R. Beresford

Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking is crucial for establishing the provenance of machine-generated text, but most existing methods rely on a centralized trust model. This model forces users to reveal potentially sensitive text to a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xiaokun Luan , Yihao Zhang , Pengcheng Su , Feiran Lei , Meng Sun

As generative AI models produce increasingly realistic output, both academia and industry are focusing on the ability to detect whether an output was generated by an AI model or not. Many of the research efforts and policy discourse are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Houssam Kherraz

Recent advances in Text-To-Speech (TTS) technology have enabled synthetic speech to mimic human voices with remarkable realism, raising significant security concerns. This underscores the need for traceable TTS models-systems capable of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Yuxiang Zhao , Yunchong Xiao , Yushen Chen , Zhikang Niu , Shuai Wang , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Privacy concerns in machine learning systems have grown significantly with the increasing reliance on sensitive user data for training large-scale models. This paper introduces a novel framework combining Probably Approximately Correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Guilhem Repetto , Nojan Sheybani , Gabrielle De Micheli , Farinaz Koushanfar

A cryptographic protocol (CP) is a distributed algorithm designed to provide a secure communication in an insecure environment. CPs are used, for example, in electronic payments, electronic voting procedures, database access systems, etc.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-25 A. M. Mironov

A niche corner of the Web3 world is increasingly making use of hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to build decentralized infrastructure. One of the motivations to use TEEs is to go beyond the current performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sylvain Bellemare

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has heightened concerns about the misuse of AI-generated text, making watermarking a promising solution. Mainstream watermarking schemes for LLMs fall into two categories: logits-based and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yidan Wang , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Binxing Fang

Data leakage from API responses has drawn wide attention. APIs are often not fully regulated, making them easy to abuse. One common solution is to embed watermarks into API responses for traceability. However, existing watermarking methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yifei Zhou , Xianjun Gu , Xinyu Dai , Ming Liu , Lansheng Han

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

The emergence of distributed manufacturing ecosystems for electronic hardware involving untrusted parties has given rise to diverse trust issues. In particular, IP piracy, overproduction, and hardware Trojan attacks pose significant threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Abhishek Nair , Patanjali SLPSK , Chester Rebeiro , Swarup Bhunia

While watermarking serves as a critical mechanism for LLM provenance, existing secret-key schemes tightly couple detection with injection, requiring access to keys or provider-side scheme-specific detectors for verification. This dependency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhuoshang Wang , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Fang Fang , Xiaoxue Li , Li Guo

We study statistical watermarking by formulating it as a hypothesis testing problem, a general framework which subsumes all previous statistical watermarking methods. Key to our formulation is a coupling of the output tokens and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Baihe Huang , Hanlin Zhu , Banghua Zhu , Kannan Ramchandran , Michael I. Jordan , Jason D. Lee , Jiantao Jiao

The recent explosion of high-quality language models has necessitated new methods for identifying AI-generated text. Watermarking is a leading solution and could prove to be an essential tool in the age of generative AI. Existing approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Tal Malkin , Mariana Raykova

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are designed to protect the privacy and integrity of data in use. They enable secure data processing and sharing in peer-to-peer networks, such as vehicular ad hoc networks of autonomous vehicles,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ceren Kocaoğullar , Gustavo Petri , Dominic P. Mulligan , Derek Miller , Hugo J. M. Vincent , Shale Xiong , Alastair R. Beresford

We address the problem of efficiently verifying a commitment in a two-party computation. This addresses the scenario where a party P1 commits to a value $x$ to be used in a subsequent secure computation with another party P2 that wants to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Nitin Agrawal , James Bell , Adrià Gascón , Matt J. Kusner

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are a core component of an Industrial Control System (ICS). However, if a PLC is compromised or the commands sent across a network from the PLCs are spoofed, consequences could be catastrophic. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed , Martin Ochoa , Jianying Zhou , Aditya Mathur