Related papers: Staircase graph words

On the Euclidean domains of classical signal processing, linking of signal samples to the underlying coordinate structure is straightforward. While graph adjacency matrices totally define the quantitative associations among the underlying…

For an ordered set $W=\{w_1,w_2,...,w_k\}$ of vertices and a vertex $v$ in a connected graph $G$, the ordered $k$-vector $r(v|W):=(d(v,w_1),d(v,w_2),...,d(v,w_k))$ is called the (metric) representation of $v$ with respect to $W$, where…

Let $X$ be an infinite, locally finite, connected, quasi-transitive graph without loops or multiple edges. A graph height function on $X$ is a map adapted to the graph structure, assigning to every vertex an integer, called height. Bridges…

Representing and exploiting multivariate signals requires capturing relations between variables, which we can represent by graphs. Graph dictionaries allow to describe complex relational information as a sparse sum of simpler structures,…

In modern mathematics, graphs figure as one of the better-investigated class of mathematical objects. Various properties of graphs, as well as graph-processing algorithms, can be useful if graphs of a certain kind are used as denotations…

Let $G$ be a connected graph. Given an ordered set $W = \{w_1, w_2,\dots w_k\}\subseteq V(G)$ and a vertex $u\in V(G)$, the representation of $u$ with respect to $W$ is the ordered $k$-tuple $(d(u,w_1), d(u,w_2),\dots,$ $d(u,w_k))$, where…

The slope number of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of slopes needed for the segments representing the edges in any straight-line drawing of $G$. It serves as a measure of the visual complexity of a graph drawing. Several bounds on the…

String diagrams are a powerful tool for reasoning about physical processes, logic circuits, tensor networks, and many other compositional structures. Dixon, Duncan and Kissinger introduced string graphs, which are a combinatoric…

Some of the basic properties of any dynamical system can be summarized by a graph. The dynamical systems in our theory run from maps like the logistic map to ordinary differential equations to dissipative partial differential equations. Our…

Several popular language models represent local contexts in an input text $x$ as bags of words. Such representations are naturally encoded by a sequence graph whose vertices are the distinct words occurring in $x$, with edges representing…

Researchers have relegated natural language processing tasks to Transformer-type models, particularly generative models, because these models exhibit high versatility when performing generation and classification tasks. As the size of these…

Graphons, short for graph functions, are limiting objects for sequences of large, finite graphs with respect to the so-called cut metric. In this expository piece, we define graphons, motivate them, and discuss how they complete the space…

We consider groups defined by non-empty balanced presentations with the property that each relator is of the form R(x,y), where x and y are distinct generators and R(.,.) is determined by some fixed cyclically reduced word R(a,b) that…

A graph $G = (V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy$ is an edge in $E$. Word-representable graphs are the subject of a long research…

We present a pumping lemma for each level of the collapsible pushdown graph hierarchy in analogy to the second author's pumping lemma for higher-order pushdown graphs (without collapse). Using this lemma, we give the first known examples…

Models of complex networks are generally defined as graph stochastic processes in which edges and vertices are added or deleted over time to simulate the evolution of networks. Here, we define a unifying framework - probabilistic inductive…

This book objective is to develop an algebraization of graph grammars. Equivalently, we study graph dynamics. From the point of view of a computer scientist, graph grammars are a natural generalization of Chomsky grammars for which a purely…

In this paper, we propose a new type of graph, denoted as "embedded-graph", and its theory, which employs a distributed representation to describe the relations on the graph edges. Embedded-graphs can express linguistic and complicated…

The double graph of a graph $G$ is defined as $\mathcal{D}[G]$ = $G \times T_2$, where \(T_2\) is the total graph with 2 vertices and $\times$ stands for the Kronecker product of graphs. In this paper, sufficient conditions for double…

Any function can be constructed using a hierarchy of simpler functions through compositions. Such a hierarchy can be characterized by a binary rooted tree. Each node of this tree is associated with a function which takes as inputs two…