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Reaching tasks with random targets and obstacles is a challenging task for robotic manipulators. In this study, we propose a novel model-free reinforcement learning approach based on proximal policy optimization (PPO) for training a deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Yongliang Wang , Hamidreza Kasaei

For many applications of reinforcement learning it can be more convenient to specify both a reward function and constraints, rather than trying to design behavior through the reward function. For example, systems that physically interact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Joshua Achiam , David Held , Aviv Tamar , Pieter Abbeel

PPO (Proximal Policy Optimization) is a state-of-the-art policy gradient algorithm that has been successfully applied to complex computer games such as Dota 2 and Honor of Kings. In these environments, an agent makes compound actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Xiulei Song , Yizhao Jin , Greg Slabaugh , Simon Lucas

Training reinforcement learning (RL) policies for legged robots remains challenging due to high-dimensional continuous actions, hardware constraints, and limited exploration. Existing methods for locomotion and whole-body control work well…

We study reinforcement learning (RL) in the setting of continuous time and space, for an infinite horizon with a discounted objective and the underlying dynamics driven by a stochastic differential equation. Built upon recent advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Hanyang Zhao , Wenpin Tang , David D. Yao

The popular Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm approximates the solution in a clipped policy space. Does there exist better policies outside of this space? By using a novel surrogate objective that employs the sigmoid function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Xing Chen , Dongcui Diao , Hechang Chen , Hengshuai Yao , Haiyin Piao , Zhixiao Sun , Zhiwei Yang , Randy Goebel , Bei Jiang , Yi Chang

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is one of the most popular state-of-the-art on-policy algorithms that has become a standard baseline in modern reinforcement learning with applications in numerous fields. Though it delivers stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Qisai Liu , Zhanhong Jiang , Hsin-Jung Yang , Mahsa Khosravi , Joshua R. Waite , Soumik Sarkar

Decoupled PPO has been a successful reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to deal with the high data staleness under the asynchronous RL setting. Decoupled loss used in decoupled PPO improves coupled-loss style of algorithms' (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xiaocan Li , Shiliang Wu , Zheng Shen

Despite Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) dominating policy gradient methods -- from robotic control to game AI -- its static trust region forces a brittle trade-off: aggressive clipping stifles early exploration, while late-stage updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ben Rahman

Recently, test-time scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional reasoning capabilities across scientific and professional tasks by generating long chains-of-thought (CoT). As a crucial component for developing these…

Expressive generative models have advanced robotic manipulation by capturing complex, multi-modal action distributions over temporally extended trajectories. However, fine-tuning these policies via RL remains challenging due to instability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yuhui Chen , Haoran Li , Zhennan Jiang , Yuxing Qin , Yuxuan Wan , Weiheng Liu , Dongbin Zhao

This paper presents Post-Decision Proximal Policy Optimization (PDPPO), a novel variation of the leading deep reinforcement learning method, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). The PDPPO state transition process is divided into two steps: a…

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm PPG (Proximal Policy Gradient), which is close to both VPG (vanilla policy gradient) and PPO (proximal policy optimization). The PPG objective is a partial variation of the VPG objective and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Ju-Seung Byun , Byungmoon Kim , Huamin Wang

By leveraging differentiable dynamics, Reparameterization Policy Gradient (RPG) achieves high sample efficiency. However, current approaches are hindered by two critical limitations: the under-utilization of computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Hai Zhong , Xun Wang , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is widely used in continuous control due to its robustness and stable training, yet it remains sample-inefficient in tasks with expensive interactions and high-dimensional action spaces. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tianci Gao , Konstantin A. Neusypin , Dmitry D. Dmitriev , Bo Yang , Shengren Rao

Modern policy gradient algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) rely on an arsenal of heuristics, including loss clipping and gradient clipping, to ensure successful learning. These heuristics are reminiscent of techniques from…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has re-emerged as a natural approach for training interactive LLM agents in real-world environments. However, directly applying the widely used Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm to multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Junbo Li , Peng Zhou , Rui Meng , Meet P. Vadera , Lihong Li , Yang Li

In importance sampling (IS)-based reinforcement learning algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), IS weights are typically clipped to avoid large variance in learning. However, policy update from clipped statistics induces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Seungyul Han , Youngchul Sung

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a widely used reinforcement learning algorithm known for its stability and sample efficiency, but it often suffers from premature convergence due to limited exploration. In this paper, we propose POEM…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Casimir Czworkowski , Stephen Hornish , Alhassan S. Yasin

Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) are among the most successful policy gradient approaches in deep reinforcement learning (RL). While these methods achieve state-of-the-art performance across a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ahmed Touati , Amy Zhang , Joelle Pineau , Pascal Vincent